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6 Interfaces to Other Data Formats for Character Tables
6.1 Interface to the CAS System
6.1-1 CASString
6.2 Interface to the MOC System
6.2-1 MAKElb11
6.2-2 MOCTable
6.2-3 MOCString
6.2-4 ScanMOC
6.2-5 GAPChars
6.2-6 MOCChars
6.3 Interface to GAP 3
6.3-1 GAP3CharacterTableScan
6.3-2 GAP3CharacterTableString
6.3-3 GAP3CharacterTableData
6.4 Interface to the Cambridge Format
6.4-1 CambridgeMaps
6.4-2 StringOfCambridgeFormat
6.5 Interface to the MAGMA System
6.5-1 BosmaBase
6.5-2 GAPTableOfMagmaFile
6.5-3 CharacterTableComputedByMagma

### 6 Interfaces to Other Data Formats for Character Tables

This chapter describes data formats for character tables that can be read or created by GAP. Currently these are the formats used by

- the CAS system (see 6.1),

- the MOC system (see 6.2),

- GAP 3 (see 6.3),

- the so-called Cambridge format (see 6.4), and

- the MAGMA system (see 6.5).

#### 6.1 Interface to the CAS System

The interface to CAS (see [NPP84]) is thought just for printing the CAS data to a file. The function `CASString` (6.1-1) is available mainly in order to document the data format. Reading CAS tables is not supported; note that the tables contained in the CAS Character Table Library have been migrated to GAP using a few `sed` scripts and `C` programs.

##### 6.1-1 CASString

`‣ CASString`( tbl ) | ( function )

is a string that encodes the CAS library format of the character table tbl. This string can be printed to a file which then can be read into the CAS system using its `get` command (see [NPP84]).

The used line length is the first entry in the list returned by `SizeScreen` (Reference: SizeScreen).

Only the known values of the following attributes are used. `ClassParameters` (Reference: ClassParameters) (for partitions only), `ComputedClassFusions` (Reference: ComputedClassFusions), `ComputedIndicators` (Reference: ComputedIndicators), `ComputedPowerMaps` (Reference: ComputedPowerMaps), `ComputedPrimeBlocks` (Reference: ComputedPrimeBlockss), `Identifier` (Reference: Identifier for character tables), `InfoText` (Reference: InfoText), `Irr` (Reference: Irr), `OrdersClassRepresentatives` (Reference: OrdersClassRepresentatives), `Size` (Reference: Size), `SizesCentralizers` (Reference: SizesCentralisers).

    gap> Print( CASString( CharacterTable( "Cyclic", 2 ) ), "\n" );
    'C2'
    00/00/00. 00.00.00.
    (2,2,0,2,-1,0)
    text:
    (#computed using generic character table for cyclic groups#),
    order=2,
    centralizers:(
    2,2
    ),
    reps:(
    1,2
    ),
    powermap:2(
    1,1
    ),
    characters:
    (1,1
    ,0:0)
    (1,-1
    ,0:0);
    /// converted from GAP

#### 6.2 Interface to the MOC System

The interface to MOC (see [HJLP]) can be used to print MOC input. Additionally it provides an alternative representation of (virtual) characters.

The MOC 3 code of a \(5\) digit number in MOC 2 code is given by the following list. (Note that the code must contain only lower case letters.)

    ABCD    for  0ABCD
    a       for  10000
    b       for  10001          k       for  20001
    c       for  10002          l       for  20002
    d       for  10003          m       for  20003
    e       for  10004          n       for  20004
    f       for  10005          o       for  20005
    g       for  10006          p       for  20006
    h       for  10007          q       for  20007
    i       for  10008          r       for  20008
    j       for  10009          s       for  20009
    tAB     for  100AB
    uAB     for  200AB
    vABCD   for  1ABCD
    wABCD   for  2ABCD
    yABC    for  30ABC
    z       for  31000

Note that any long number in MOC 2 format is divided into packages of length \(4\), the first (!) one filled with leading zeros if necessary. Such a number with decimals \(d_1, d_2, \ldots, d_{{4n+k}}\) is the sequence \(0 d_1 d_2 d_3 d_4 \ldots 0 d_{{4n-3}} d_{{4n-2}} d_{{4n-1}} d_{4n} d_{{4n+1}} \ldots d_{{4n+k}}\) where \(0 \leq k \leq 3\), the first digit of \(x\) is \(1\) if the number is positive and \(2\) if the number is negative, and then follow \((4-k)\) zeros.

Details about the MOC system are explained in [HJLP], a brief description can be found in [LP91].

##### 6.2-1 MAKElb11

`‣ MAKElb11`( listofns ) | ( function )

For a list listofns of positive integers, `MAKElb11` prints field information for all number fields with conductor in this list.

The output of `MAKElb11` is used by the MOC system; Calling `MAKElb11( [ 3 .. 189 ] )` will print something very similar to Richard Parker's file `lb11`.

    gap> MAKElb11( [ 3, 4 ] );
       3   2   0   1   0
       4   2   0   1   0

##### 6.2-2 MOCTable

`‣ MOCTable`( gaptbl[, basicset] ) | ( function )

`MOCTable` returns the MOC table record of the GAP character table gaptbl.

The one argument version can be used only if gaptbl is an ordinary (\(G.0\)) table. For Brauer (\(G.p\)) tables, one has to specify a basic set basicset of ordinary irreducibles. basicset must then be a list of positions of the basic set characters in the `Irr` (Reference: Irr) list of the ordinary table of gaptbl.

The result is a record that contains the information of gaptbl in a format similar to the MOC 3 format. This record can, e. g., easily be printed out or be used to print out characters using `MOCString` (6.2-3).

The components of the result are

`identifier`

  the string `MOCTable(` \(name\)`)` where \(name\) is the `Identifier` (Reference: Identifier for character tables) value of gaptbl,

`GAPtbl`

  gaptbl,

`prime`

  the characteristic of the field (label `30105` in MOC),

`centralizers`

  centralizer orders for cyclic subgroups (label `30130`)

`orders`

  element orders for cyclic subgroups (label `30140`)

`fieldbases`

  at position \(i\) the Parker basis of the number field generated by the character values of the \(i\)-th cyclic subgroup. The length of `fieldbases` is equal to the value of label `30110` in MOC.

`cycsubgps`

  `cycsubgps[i] = j` means that class `i` of the GAP table belongs to the `j`-th cyclic subgroup of the GAP table,

`repcycsub`

  `repcycsub[j] = i` means that class `i` of the GAP table is the representative of the `j`-th cyclic subgroup of the GAP table. Note that the representatives of GAP table and MOC table need not agree!

`galconjinfo`

  a list \([ r_1, c_1, r_2, c_2, \ldots, r_n, c_n ]\) which means that the \(i\)-th class of the GAP table is the \(c_i\)-th conjugate of the representative of the \(r_i\)-th cyclic subgroup on the MOC table. (This is used to translate back to GAP format, stored under label `30160`)

`30170`

  (power maps) for each cyclic subgroup (except the trivial one) and each prime divisor of the representative order store four values, namely the number of the subgroup, the power, the number of the cyclic subgroup containing the image, and the power to which the representative must be raised to yield the image class. (This is used only to construct the `30230` power map/embedding information.) In `30170` only a list of lists (one for each cyclic subgroup) of all these values is stored, it will not be used by GAP.

`tensinfo`

  tensor product information, used to compute the coefficients of the Parker base for tensor products of characters (label `30210` in MOC). For a field with vector space basis \((v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n)\), the tensor product information of a cyclic subgroup in MOC (as computed by `fct`) is either \(1\) (for rational classes) or a sequence

  \[ n x_{1,1} y_{1,1} z_{1,1} x_{1,2} y_{1,2} z_{1,2} \ldots x_{1,m_1} y_{1,m_1} z_{1,m_1} 0 x_{2,1} y_{2,1} z_{2,1} x_{2,2} y_{2,2} z_{2,2} \ldots x_{2,m_2} y_{2,m_2} z_{2,m_2} 0 \ldots z_{n,m_n} 0 \]

  which means that the coefficient of \(v_k\) in the product

  \[ \left( \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i v_i \right) \left( \sum_{j=1}^{n} b_j v_j \right) \]

  is equal to

  \[ \sum_{i=1}^{m_k} x_{k,i} a_{y_{k,i}} b_{z_{k,i}} . \]

  On a MOC table in GAP, the `tensinfo` component is a list of lists, each containing exactly the sequence mentioned above.

`invmap`

  inverse map to compute complex conjugate characters, label `30220` in MOC.

`powerinfo`

  field embeddings for \(p\)-th symmetrizations, \(p\) a prime integer not larger than the largest element order, label `30230` in MOC.

`30900`

  basic set of restricted ordinary irreducibles in the case of nonzero characteristic, all ordinary irreducibles otherwise.

##### 6.2-3 MOCString

`‣ MOCString`( moctbl[, chars] ) | ( function )

Let moctbl be a MOC table record, as returned by `MOCTable` (6.2-2). `MOCString` returns a string describing the MOC 3 format of moctbl.

If a second argument chars is specified, it must be a list of MOC format characters as returned by `MOCChars` (6.2-6). In this case, these characters are stored under label `30900`. If the second argument is missing then the basic set of ordinary irreducibles is stored under this label.

    gap> moca5:= MOCTable( CharacterTable( "A5" ) );
    rec( 30170 := [ [  ], [ 2, 2, 1, 1 ], [ 3, 3, 1, 1 ], [ 4, 5, 1, 1 ] ]
        ,
      30900 := [ [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ], [ 3, -1, 0, 0, -1 ],
          [ 3, -1, 0, 1, 1 ], [ 4, 0, 1, -1, 0 ], [ 5, 1, -1, 0, 0 ] ],
      GAPtbl := CharacterTable( "A5" ), centralizers := [ 60, 4, 3, 5 ],
      cycsubgps := [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 ],
      fieldbases :=
        [ CanonicalBasis( Rationals ), CanonicalBasis( Rationals ),
          CanonicalBasis( Rationals ),
          Basis( NF(5,[ 1, 4 ]), [ 1, E(5)+E(5)^4 ] ) ], fields := [  ],
      galconjinfo := [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 4, 2 ],
      identifier := "MOCTable(A5)",
      invmap := [ [ 1, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 2, 0 ], [ 1, 3, 0 ],
          [ 1, 4, 0, 1, 5, 0 ] ], orders := [ 1, 2, 3, 5 ],
      powerinfo :=
        [ ,
          [ [ 1, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 3, 0 ],
              [ 1, 4, -1, 5, 0, -1, 5, 0 ] ],
          [ [ 1, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 2, 0 ], [ 1, 1, 0 ],
              [ 1, 4, -1, 5, 0, -1, 5, 0 ] ],,
          [ [ 1, 1, 0 ], [ 1, 2, 0 ], [ 1, 3, 0 ], [ 1, 1, 0, 0 ] ] ],
      prime := 0, repcycsub := [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ],
      tensinfo :=
        [ [ 1 ], [ 1 ], [ 1 ],
          [ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, -1, 2, 2, 0 ] ] )
    gap> str:= MOCString( moca5 );;
    gap> str{[1..68]};
    "y100y105ay110fey130t60edfy140bcdfy150bbbfcabbey160bbcbdbebecy170ccbb"
    gap> moca5mod3:= MOCTable( CharacterTable( "A5" ) mod 3, [ 1 .. 4 ] );;
    gap> MOCString( moca5mod3 ){ [ 1 .. 68 ] };
    "y100y105dy110edy130t60efy140bcfy150bbfcabbey160bbcbdbdcy170ccbbdfbby"

##### 6.2-4 ScanMOC

`‣ ScanMOC`( list ) | ( function )

returns a record containing the information encoded in the list list. The components of the result are the labels that occur in list. If list is in MOC 2 format (10000-format), the names of components are 30000-numbers; if it is in MOC 3 format the names of components have `yABC`-format.

##### 6.2-5 GAPChars

`‣ GAPChars`( tbl, mocchars ) | ( function )

Let tbl be a character table or a MOC table record, and mocchars be either a list of MOC format characters (as returned by `MOCChars` (6.2-6)) or a list of positive integers such as a record component encoding characters, in a record produced by `ScanMOC` (6.2-4).

`GAPChars` returns translations of mocchars to GAP character values lists.

##### 6.2-6 MOCChars

`‣ MOCChars`( tbl, gapchars ) | ( function )

Let tbl be a character table or a MOC table record, and gapchars be a list of (GAP format) characters. `MOCChars` returns translations of gapchars to MOC format.

    gap> scan:= ScanMOC( str );
    rec( y050 := [ 5, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ],
      y105 := [ 0 ], y110 := [ 5, 4 ], y130 := [ 60, 4, 3, 5 ],
      y140 := [ 1, 2, 3, 5 ], y150 := [ 1, 1, 1, 5, 2, 0, 1, 1, 4 ],
      y160 := [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 4, 2 ],
      y170 := [ 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 5, 1, 1 ],
      y210 := [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, -1, 2,
          2, 0 ], y220 := [ 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 4, 0, 1, 5, 0 ],
      y230 := [ 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 4, -1, 5, 0, -1, 5, 0 ],
      y900 := [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, -1, 0, 0, -1, 3, -1, 0, 1, 1, 4, 0, 1,
          -1, 0, 5, 1, -1, 0, 0 ] )
    gap> gapchars:= GAPChars( moca5, scan.y900 );
    [ [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ], [ 3, -1, 0, -E(5)-E(5)^4, -E(5)^2-E(5)^3 ],
      [ 3, -1, 0, -E(5)^2-E(5)^3, -E(5)-E(5)^4 ], [ 4, 0, 1, -1, -1 ],
      [ 5, 1, -1, 0, 0 ] ]
    gap> mocchars:= MOCChars( moca5, gapchars );
    [ [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ], [ 3, -1, 0, 0, -1 ], [ 3, -1, 0, 1, 1 ],
      [ 4, 0, 1, -1, 0 ], [ 5, 1, -1, 0, 0 ] ]
    gap> Concatenation( mocchars ) = scan.y900;
    true

#### 6.3 Interface to GAP 3

The following functions are used to read and write character tables in GAP 3 format.

##### 6.3-1 GAP3CharacterTableScan

`‣ GAP3CharacterTableScan`( string ) | ( function )

Let string be a string that contains the output of the GAP 3 function `PrintCharTable`. In other words, string describes a GAP record whose components define an ordinary character table object in GAP 3. `GAP3CharacterTableScan` returns the corresponding GAP 4 character table object.

The supported record components are given by the list `GAP3CharacterTableData` (6.3-3).

##### 6.3-2 GAP3CharacterTableString

`‣ GAP3CharacterTableString`( tbl ) | ( function )

For an ordinary character table tbl, `GAP3CharacterTableString` returns a string that when read into GAP 3 evaluates to a character table corresponding to tbl. A similar format is printed by the GAP 3 function `PrintCharTable`.

The supported record components are given by the list `GAP3CharacterTableData` (6.3-3).

    gap> tbl:= CharacterTable( "Alternating", 5 );;
    gap> str:= GAP3CharacterTableString( tbl );;
    gap> Print( str );
    rec(
    centralizers := [ 60, 4, 3, 5, 5 ],
    fusions := [ rec( map := [ 1, 3, 4, 7, 7 ], name := "Sym(5)" ) ],
    identifier := "Alt(5)",
    irreducibles := [
    [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ],
    [ 4, 0, 1, -1, -1 ],
    [ 5, 1, -1, 0, 0 ],
    [ 3, -1, 0, -E(5)-E(5)^4, -E(5)^2-E(5)^3 ],
    [ 3, -1, 0, -E(5)^2-E(5)^3, -E(5)-E(5)^4 ]
    ],
    orders := [ 1, 2, 3, 5, 5 ],
    powermap := [ , [ 1, 1, 3, 5, 4 ], [ 1, 2, 1, 5, 4 ], , [ 1, 2, 3, 1, \
    1 ] ],
    size := 60,
    text := "computed using generic character table for alternating groups\
    ",
    operations := CharTableOps )
    gap> scan:= GAP3CharacterTableScan( str );
    CharacterTable( "Alt(5)" )
    gap> TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( tbl, scan );
    rec( columns := (), group := Group([ (4,5) ]), rows := () )

##### 6.3-3 GAP3CharacterTableData

`‣ GAP3CharacterTableData` | ( global variable )

This is a list of pairs, the first entry being the name of a component in a GAP 3 character table and the second entry being the corresponding attribute name in GAP 4. The variable is used by `GAP3CharacterTableScan` (6.3-1) and `GAP3CharacterTableString` (6.3-2).

#### 6.4 Interface to the Cambridge Format

The following functions deal with the so-called Cambridge format, in which the source data of the character tables in the Atlas of Finite Groups [CCN+85] and in the Atlas of Brauer Characters [JLPW95] are stored. Each such table is stored on a file of its own. The line length is at most \(78\), and each item of the table starts in a new line, behind one of the following prefixes.

`#23`

  a description and the name(s) of the simple group

`#7`

  integers describing the column widths

`#9`

  the symbols `;` and `@`, denoting columns between tables and columns that belong to conjugacy classes, respectively

`#1`

  the symbol `|` in columns between tables, and centralizer orders otherwise

`#2`

  the symbols `p` (in the first column only), `power` (in the second column only, which belongs to the class of the identity element), `|` in other columns between tables, and descriptions of the powers of classes otherwise

`#3`

  the symbols `p'` (in the first column only), `part` (in the second column only, which belongs to the class of the identity element), `|` in other columns between tables, and descriptions of the \(p\)-prime parts of classes otherwise

`#4`

  the symbols `ind` and `fus` in columns between tables, and class names otherwise

`#5`

  either `|` or strings composed from the symbols `+`, `-`, `o`, and integers in columns where the lines starting with `#4` contain `ind`; the symbols `:`, `.`, `?` in columns where these lines contain `fus`; character values or `|` otherwise

`#6`

  the symbols `|`, `ind`, `and`, and `fus` in columns between tables; the symbol `|` and element orders of preimage classes in downward extensions otherwise

`#8`

  the last line of the data, may contain the date of the last change

`#C`

  comments.

##### 6.4-1 CambridgeMaps

`‣ CambridgeMaps`( tbl ) | ( function )

For a character table tbl, `CambridgeMaps` returns a record with the following components.

`names`

  a list of strings denoting class names,

`power`

  a list of strings, the \(i\)-th entry encodes the \(p\)-th powers of the \(i\)-th class, for all prime divisors \(p\) of the group order,

`prime`

  a list of strings, the \(i\)-th entry encodes the \(p\)-prime parts of the \(i\)-th class, for all prime divisors \(p\) of the group order.

The meaning of the entries of the lists is defined in [CCN+85, Chapter 7, Sections 3–5]).

`CambridgeMaps` is used for example by `Display` (Reference: Display for a character table) in the case that the `powermap` option has the value `"ATLAS"`.

Note that the value of the `names` component may differ from the class names of the character table shown in the Atlas of Finite Groups; an example is the character table of the group \(J_1\).

    gap> CambridgeMaps( CharacterTable( "A5" ) );
    rec( names := [ "1A", "2A", "3A", "5A", "B*" ],
      power := [ "", "A", "A", "A", "A" ],
      prime := [ "", "A", "A", "A", "A" ] )
    gap> CambridgeMaps( CharacterTable( "A5" ) mod 2 );
    rec( names := [ "1A", "3A", "5A", "B*" ],
      power := [ "", "A", "A", "A" ], prime := [ "", "A", "A", "A" ] )

##### 6.4-2 StringOfCambridgeFormat

`‣ StringOfCambridgeFormat`( tblnames[, p] ) | ( function )

Let tblnames be a matrix of identifiers of ordinary character tables, which describe the bicyclic extensions of a simple group from the Atlas of Finite Groups. The class fusions between the character tables must be stored on the tables.

If the required information is available then `StringOfCambridgeFormat` returns a string that encodes an approximation of the Cambridge format file for the simple group in question (whose identifier occurs in the upper left corner of tblnames). Otherwise, that is, if some character table or class fusion is missing, `fail` is returned.

If a prime integer p is given as a second argument then the result describes p-modular character tables, otherwise the ordinary character tables are described by the result.

Differences to the original format may occur for irrational character values; the descriptions of these values have been chosen deliberately for the original files, it is not obvious how to compute these descriptions from the character tables in question.

    gap> str:= StringOfCambridgeFormat( [ [   "A5",   "A5.2" ],
    >                                     [ "2.A5", "2.A5.2" ] ] );;
    gap> Print( str );
    #23 ? A5
    #7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
    #9 ; @ @ @ @ @ ; ; @ @ @
    #1 | 60 4 3 5 5 | | 6 2 3
    #2 p power A A A A | | A A AB
    #3 p' part A A A A | | A A AB
    #4 ind 1A 2A 3A 5A B* fus ind 2B 4A 6A
    #5 + 1 1 1 1 1 : ++ 1 1 1
    #5 + 3 -1 0 -b5 * . + 0 0 0
    #5 + 3 -1 0 * -b5 . | | | |
    #5 + 4 0 1 -1 -1 : ++ 2 0 -1
    #5 + 5 1 -1 0 0 : ++ 1 -1 1
    #6 ind 1 4 3 5 5 fus ind 2 8 6
    #6 | 2 | 6 10 10 | | | 8 6
    #5 - 2 0 -1 b5 * . - 0 0 0
    #5 - 2 0 -1 * b5 . | | | |
    #5 - 4 0 1 -1 -1 : oo 0 0 i3
    #5 - 6 0 0 1 1 : oo 0 i2 0
    #8
    gap> str:= StringOfCambridgeFormat( [ [   "A5",   "A5.2" ],
    >                                     [ "2.A5", "2.A5.2" ] ], 3 );;
    gap> Print( str );
    #23 A5 (Mod 3)
    #7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
    #9 ; @ @ @ @ ; ; @ @
    #1 | 60 4 5 5 | | 6 2
    #2 p power A A A | | A A
    #3 p' part A A A | | A A
    #4 ind 1A 2A 5A B* fus ind 2B 4A
    #5 + 1 1 1 1 : ++ 1 1
    #5 + 3 -1 -b5 * . + 0 0
    #5 + 3 -1 * -b5 . | | |
    #5 + 4 0 -1 -1 : ++ 2 0
    #6 ind 1 4 5 5 fus ind 2 8
    #6 | 2 | 10 10 | | | 8
    #5 - 2 0 b5 * . - 0 0
    #5 - 2 0 * b5 . | | |
    #5 - 6 0 1 1 : oo 0 i2
    #8
    gap> StringOfCambridgeFormat( [ [ "L10(11)" ] ], 0 );
    fail

The global option `OmitDashedRows` can be used to control whether the two-line description of "dashed" row portions (concerning tables of, e. g., \(2'.Sz(8)\)) are omitted (value `true`) or shown (value `false`). The default is to show information about dashed row portions in the case of ordinary tables, and to omit this information for Brauer tables.

#### 6.5 Interface to the MAGMA System

This interface is intended to convert character tables given in MAGMA's (see [CP96]) display format into GAP character tables.

The function `BosmaBase` (6.5-1) is used for the translation of irrational values; this function may be of interest independent of the conversion of character tables.

##### 6.5-1 BosmaBase

`‣ BosmaBase`( n ) | ( function )

For a positive integer n that is not congruent to \(2\) modulo \(4\), `BosmaBase` returns the list of exponents \(i\) for which `E(n)^`\(i\) belongs to the canonical basis of the n-th cyclotomic field that is defined in [Bos90, Section 5].

As a set, this basis is defined as follows. Let \(P\) denote the set of prime divisors of n and n \(= \prod_{{p \in P}} n_p\). Let \(e_l =\) `E`\((l)\) for any positive integer \(l\), and \(\{ e_{{m_1}}^j \}_{{j \in J}} \otimes \{ e_{{m_2}}^k \}_{{k \in K}} = \{ e_{{m_1}}^j \cdot e_{{m_2}}^k \}_{{j \in J, k \in K}}\) for any positive integers \(m_1\), \(m_2\). (This notation is the same as the one used in the description of `ZumbroichBase` (Reference: ZumbroichBase).)

Then the basis is

\[ B_n = \bigotimes_{{p \in P}} B_{{n_p}} \]

where

\[ B_{{n_p}} = \{ e_{{n_p}}^k; 0 \leq k \leq \varphi(n_p)-1 \}; \]

here \(\varphi\) denotes Euler's function, see `Phi` (Reference: Phi).

\(B_n\) consists of roots of unity, it is an integral basis (that is, exactly the integral elements in \(ℚ_n\) have integral coefficients w.r.t. \(B_n\), cf. `IsIntegralCyclotomic` (Reference: IsIntegralCyclotomic)), and for any divisor \(m\) of n that is not congruent to \(2\) modulo \(4\), \(B_m\) is a subset of \(B_n\).

Note that the list \(l\), say, that is returned by `BosmaBase` is in general not a set. The ordering of the elements in \(l\) fits to the coefficient lists for irrational values used by MAGMA's display format.

    gap> b:= BosmaBase( 8 );
    [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ]
    gap> b:= Basis( CF(8), List( b, i -> E(8)^i ) );
    Basis( CF(8), [ 1, E(8), E(4), E(8)^3 ] )
    gap> Coefficients( b, Sqrt(2) );
    [ 0, 1, 0, -1 ]
    gap> Coefficients( b, Sqrt(-2) );
    [ 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
    gap> b:= BosmaBase( 15 );
    [ 0, 5, 3, 8, 6, 11, 9, 14 ]
    gap> b:= List( b, i -> E(15)^i );
    [ 1, E(3), E(5), E(15)^8, E(5)^2, E(15)^11, E(5)^3, E(15)^14 ]
    gap> Coefficients( Basis( CF(15), b ), EB(15) );
    [ -1, -1, 0, 0, -1, -2, -1, -2 ]
    gap> BosmaBase( 48 );
    [ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37 ]

##### 6.5-2 GAPTableOfMagmaFile

`‣ GAPTableOfMagmaFile`( file, identifier ) | ( function )

`‣ GAPTableOfMagmaFile`( str, identifier[, "string"] ) | ( function )

In the first form, let file be the name of a file that contains a character table in MAGMA's display format, and identifier be a string. `GAPTableOfMagmaFile` returns the corresponding GAP character table, with `Identifier` (Reference: Identifier for tables of marks) value identifier.

In the second form, str must be a string that describes the contents of a file as described for the first form, and the third argument must be the string `"string"`.

    gap> tmpdir:= DirectoryTemporary();;
    gap> file:= Filename( tmpdir, "magmatable" );;
    gap> str:= "\
    > Character Table of Group G\n\
    > --------------------------\n\
    > \n\
    > ---------------------------\n\
    > Class |   1  2  3    4    5\n\
    > Size  |   1 15 20   12   12\n\
    > Order |   1  2  3    5    5\n\
    > ---------------------------\n\
    > p  =  2   1  1  3    5    4\n\
    > p  =  3   1  2  1    5    4\n\
    > p  =  5   1  2  3    1    1\n\
    > ---------------------------\n\
    > X.1   +   1  1  1    1    1\n\
    > X.2   +   3 -1  0   Z1 Z1#2\n\
    > X.3   +   3 -1  0 Z1#2   Z1\n\
    > X.4   +   4  0  1   -1   -1\n\
    > X.5   +   5  1 -1    0    0\n\
    > \n\
    > Explanation of Character Value Symbols\n\
    > --------------------------------------\n\
    > \n\
    > # denotes algebraic conjugation, that is,\n\
    > #k indicates replacing the root of unity w by w^k\n\
    > \n\
    > Z1     = (CyclotomicField(5: Sparse := true)) ! [\n\
    > RationalField() | 1, 0, 1, 1 ]\n\
    > ";;
    gap> FileString( file, str );;
    gap> tbl:= GAPTableOfMagmaFile( file, "MagmaA5" );;
    gap> Display( tbl );
    MagmaA5

         2  2  2  .  .  .
         3  1  .  1  .  .
         5  1  .  .  1  1

           1a 2a 3a 5a 5b
        2P 1a 1a 3a 5b 5a
        3P 1a 2a 1a 5b 5a
        5P 1a 2a 3a 1a 1a

    X.1     1  1  1  1  1
    X.2     3 -1  .  A *A
    X.3     3 -1  . *A  A
    X.4     4  .  1 -1 -1
    X.5     5  1 -1  .  .

    A = -E(5)-E(5)^4
      = (1-Sqrt(5))/2 = -b5
    gap> tbl2:= GAPTableOfMagmaFile( str, "MagmaA5", "string" );;
    gap> Irr( tbl ) = Irr( tbl2 );
    true
    gap> str:= "\
    > Character Table of Group G\n\
    > --------------------------\n\
    > \n\
    > ------------------------------\n\
    > Class |   1  2   3   4   5   6\n\
    > Size  |   1  1   1   1   1   1\n\
    > Order |   1  2   3   3   6   6\n\
    > ------------------------------\n\
    > p  =  2   1  1   4   3   3   4\n\
    > p  =  3   1  2   1   1   2   2\n\
    > ------------------------------\n\
    > X.1   +   1  1   1   1   1   1\n\
    > X.2   +   1 -1   1   1  -1  -1\n\
    > X.3   0   1  1   J-1-J-1-J   J\n\
    > X.4   0   1 -1   J-1-J 1+J  -J\n\
    > X.5   0   1  1-1-J   J   J-1-J\n\
    > X.6   0   1 -1-1-J   J  -J 1+J\n\
    > \n\
    > \n\
    > Explanation of Character Value Symbols\n\
    > --------------------------------------\n\
    > \n\
    > J = RootOfUnity(3)\n\
    > ";;
    gap> FileString( file, str );;
    gap> tbl:= GAPTableOfMagmaFile( file, "MagmaC6" );;
    gap> Display( tbl );
    MagmaC6

         2  1  1  1  1   1   1
         3  1  1  1  1   1   1

           1a 2a 3a 3b  6a  6b
        2P 1a 1a 3b 3a  3a  3b
        3P 1a 2a 1a 1a  2a  2a

    X.1     1  1  1  1   1   1
    X.2     1 -1  1  1  -1  -1
    X.3     1  1  A /A  /A   A
    X.4     1 -1  A /A -/A  -A
    X.5     1  1 /A  A   A  /A
    X.6     1 -1 /A  A  -A -/A

    A = E(3)
      = (-1+Sqrt(-3))/2 = b3

The MAGMA output for the above two examples is obtained by the following commands.

    > G1 := Alt(5);
    > CT1 := CharacterTable(G1);
    > CT1;
    > G2:= CyclicGroup(6);
    > CT2:= CharacterTable(G2);
    > CT2;

##### 6.5-3 CharacterTableComputedByMagma

`‣ CharacterTableComputedByMagma`( G, identifier ) | ( function )

For a permutation group G and a string identifier, `CharacterTableComputedByMagma` calls the MAGMA system for computing the character table of G, and converts the output into GAP format (see `GAPTableOfMagmaFile` (6.5-2)). The returned character table has the `Identifier` (Reference: Identifier for tables of marks) value identifier.

If the MAGMA system is not available then `fail` is returned. The availability of MAGMA is determined by calling MAGMA where the path for this call is given by the user preference `MagmaPath` of the package CTblLib; if the value of this preference is empty or if MAGMA cannot be called via this path then MAGMA is regarded as not available.

If the attribute `ConjugacyClasses` (Reference: ConjugacyClasses attribute) of G is set before the call of `CharacterTableComputedByMagma` then the columns of the returned character table fit to the conjugacy classes that are stored in G.

    gap> if CTblLib.IsMagmaAvailable() then
    >      g:= MathieuGroup( 24 );
    >      ccl:= ConjugacyClasses( g );
    >      t:= CharacterTableComputedByMagma( g, "testM24" );
    >      if t = fail then
    >        Print( "#E  Magma did not compute a character table.\n" );
    >      elif ( not HasConjugacyClasses( t ) ) or
    >           ( ConjugacyClasses( t ) <> ccl ) then
    >        Print( "#E  The conjugacy classes do not fit.\n" );
    >      elif TransformingPermutationsCharacterTables( t,
    >               CharacterTable( "M24" ) ) = fail then
    >        Print( "#E  Inconsistency of character tables?\n" );
    >      fi;
    >    fi;

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