


LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially, it is like a specialized  relative  of  the  general  make
       utility,  but  one  which determines dependencies automatically and has
       some other very useful features.  In its basic mode  of  operation  la-
       texmk  is given the name of the primary source file for a document, and
       it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a .dvi, .ps,
       .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By  default  latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a .dvi
       file, which copies the behavior of earlier versions when only latex was
       available.

       Latexmk  can also be set to run continuously with a suitable previewer.
       In that case the latex program (or one of its relatives), etc, are  re-
       run whenever one of the source files is modified, and the previewer au-
       tomatically updates the on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk determines which are the source  files  by  examining  the  log
       file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output files
       generated by the -recorder option of  modern  versions  of  latex  (and
       pdflatex,  xelatex, lualatex).  See the documentation for the -recorder
       option of latexmk below.)  When latexmk is run, it examines  properties
       of  the source files, and if any have been changed since the last docu-
       ment generation, latexmk will run the various LaTeX processing programs
       as necessary.  In particular, it will repeat the run of latex (or a re-
       lated program)) often enough to resolve all cross references; depending
       on  the  macro  packages  used.   With some macro packages and document
       classes, four, or even more, runs may be needed. If necessary,  latexmk
       will  also  run  bibtex, biber, and/or makeindex.  In addition, latexmk
       can be configured to generate other necessary files.  For example, from
       an updated figure file it can automatically generate a file in encapsu-
       lated postscript or another suitable format for reading by LaTeX.

       Latexmk has two different previewing options.  With the simple -pv  op-
       tion,  a  dvi,  postscript  or pdf previewer is automatically run after
       generating the dvi, postscript or pdf version  of  the  document.   The
       type  of  file  to view is selected according to configuration settings
       and command line options.

       The second previewing option is the  powerful  -pvc  option  (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly monitoring all the source files to see if any have changed.  Ev-
       ery  time a change is detected, latexmk runs all the programs necessary
       to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer will  then
       automatically update its display.  Thus the user can simply edit a file
       and, when the changes are written to disk, latexmk completely automates
       the  cycle  of  updating  the  .dvi (and/or the .ps and .pdf) file, and



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       refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not quite WYSIWYG,  but  use-
       fully close.

       For  other previewers, the user may have to manually make the previewer
       update its display, which can be (e.g., with some versions of xdvi  and
       gsview) as simple as forcing a redraw of its display.

       Latexmk  has  the  ability  to print a banner in gray diagonally across
       each page when making the postscript file.  It  can  also,  if  needed,
       call  an  external  program to do other postprocessing on generated dvi
       and postscript files.  (See the options -dF and -pF, and the documenta-
       tion  for  the  $dvi_filter  and  $ps_filter  configuration variables.)
       These capabilities are leftover from older versions of latexmk, but are
       currently  non-functional.  More flexibility can be obtained in current
       versions, since the command strings for running *latex can now be  con-
       figured to run multiple commands.  This also extends the possibility of
       postprocessing generated files.

       Latexmk is highly configurable, both from the command line and in  con-
       figuration  files,  so  that  it can accommodate a wide variety of user
       needs and system configurations.  Default values are set  according  to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion on MS-Windows, cygwin, Linux, OS-X, and other UNIX  systems.   See
       the  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)  Files", and then the
       later sections "How to Set Variables in Initialization Files",  "Format
       of  Command Specifications", "List of Configuration Variables Usable in
       Initialization Files", "Custom Dependencies", and "Advanced  Configura-
       tion"

       A  very annoying complication handled very reliably by latexmk, is that
       LaTeX is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in  informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.  In the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX  suffices,  and
       often  the log file contains a message about the need for another pass.
       However, there is a wide variety of add-on  macro  packages  to  LaTeX,
       with  a variety of behaviors.  The result is to break simple-minded de-
       terminations of how many runs are needed and of  which  programs.   La-
       texmk has a highly general and efficient solution to these issues.  The
       solution involves retaining between  runs  information  on  the  source
       files,  and a symptom is that latexmk generates an extra file (with ex-
       tension .fdb_latexmk, by default) that contains the source file  infor-
       mation.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       In general the command line to invoke latexmk has the form

            latexmk [options] [file]

       All options can be introduced by single or double "-" characters, e.g.,
       "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".

       Note 1: In the documentation, '*latex' means any of the  supported  en-
       gines,  i.e., currently latex, lualatex, pdflatex, xelatex.  Mention of



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       a specific one of these normally refers that specific engines.  Earlier
       versions  of  this documentation weren't so consistent.  Which of these
       is used to compile a document, depends on  the  configuration  and  the
       command line arguments.

       Note  2:  In  addition to the options in the list below, latexmk recog-
       nizes almost all the options recognized by the *latex programs in their
       current  TeXLive  and  MiKTeX implementations.  Some of the options for
       these programs trigger special action or behavior by latexmk, in  which
       case  they  have  specific  explanations in this document; in this case
       they may or may not be passed to *latex as well.

       Run latexmk with the -showextraoptions to get a  list  of  the  options
       that latexmk accepts and that are simply passed through to *latex.  See
       also the explanation of the -showextraoptions option for more  informa-
       tion.


       Definitions of options and arguments


       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able  in  the section "List of configuration variables usable in
              initialization files".

              If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex" ex-
              tension  is  automatically  added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if
              you specify:

                   latexmk foo

              then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".

              There are certain restrictions on what characters can  be  in  a
              filename;  certain  characters are either prohibited or problem-
              atic for the latex etc programs.   These  characters  are:  "$",
              "%", "\", "~", the double quote character, and the control char-
              acters null, tab, form feed, carriage  return,  line  feed,  and
              delete.   In  addition  "&"  is  prohibited when it is the first
              character of a filename.

              Latexmk gives a fatal error when it detects  any  of  the  above
              characters in the TeX filename(s) specified on the command line.
              However before testing for illegal characters,  latexmk  removes
              matching  pairs  of double quotes from a filename.  This matches
              the behavior of latex etc, and deals with  problems  that  occa-
              sionally result from filenames that have been incorrectly quoted
              on the command line.  In addition, under Microsoft Windows,  the
              forward slash character "\" is a directory separator, so latexmk
              replaces it by a backward slash "/", which is also a  legal  di-
              rectory separator in Windows, and is accepted by latex etc.



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       -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO
              Sets  the  directory for auxiliary output files of *latex (.aux,
              .log etc).  These are all the generated files, with  the  excep-
              tion of final output files (.dvi, .ps, .pdf, .synctex.gz, .sync-
              tex).  See the -outdir/-output-directory option for  directories
              for the final output files.

              If the directory specified for the -aux/-aux-directory option is
              blank, then the default is used, which is to be the same as  the
              output directory.

              If you also use the -cd option, and the specified auxiliary out-
              put directory is a relative path, then the path  is  interpreted
              relative to the document directory.

              See  the  section  AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES for more de-
              tails.


       -bibtex
              When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex
              or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.

              This  property can also be configured by setting the $bibtex_use
              variable to 2 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-
              Never run bibtex or biber.  Also, always  treat  .bbl  files  as
              precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.

              A  common  use  for this option is when a document comes from an
              external source, complete with its bbl  file(s),  and  the  user
              does  not  have  the corresponding bib files available.  In this
              situation use of the -bibtex- option will prevent  latexmk  from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 0 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-cond
              When  the  source  file uses a bbl file for the bibliography and
              bibtex is used to  generate  the  bibliography,  run  bibtex  as
              needed  to  regenerate  the  bbl  files only if the relevant bib
              file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib  file(s)  are  not  available,
              bibtex is not run, thereby avoiding overwriting of the bbl file.
              Also, always treat .bbl files as precious, i.e., do  not  delete
              them in a cleanup operation.

              This  is the default setting.  It can also be configured by set-
              ting the $bibtex_use variable to 1 in a configuration file.




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              The reason for using this setting is first  to  allow  automatic
              switching between the use and non-use of bibtex depending on the
              existence or not of a bib file.  In  addition,  when  submitting
              articles  to  a  scientific journal, it is common to submit only
              .tex and .bbl files (plus graphics files), but not a .bib  file.
              Hence  it  is  often  useful  to treat .bbl files as true source
              files, that should be preserved under a clean up operation.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 1 in a configuration file.

              Note that when biber is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
              option does not currently prevent biber from being run.  See the
              documentation  on  $bibtex_use for more details.  However, a bbl
              file is treated as precious.


       -bibtex-cond1
              The same as -bibtex-cond except that .bbl files are only treated
              as precious if one or more bibfiles fails to exist.

              Thus  if all the bib files exist, bibtex is run to generate .bbl
              files as needed, and then it is appropriate to  delete  the  bbl
              files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-generated.

              This  property can also be configured by setting the $bibtex_use
              variable to 1.5 in a configuration file.

              Note that when biber is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
              option does not currently prevent biber from being run.  See the
              documentation on $bibtex_use for more details.


       -bibtexfudge or -bibfudge
              Turn on the change-directory fudge for bibtex.   See  documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -bibtexfudge- or -bibfudge-
              Turn  off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -bm <message>
              A banner message to print diagonally across each page when  con-
              verting  the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a sin-
              gle argument on the command line so be careful with quoting spa-
              ces and such.

              Note  that if the -bm option is specified, the -ps option is as-
              sumed.






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       -bi <intensity>
              How dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number  between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.


       -bs <scale>
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.


       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.


       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
              a combination of log files, aux files, latexmk's  database  file
              of  source file information, and those with extensions specified
              in the @generated_exts  configuration  variable.   In  addition,
              files specified by the $clean_ext and @generated_exts configura-
              tion variables are removed.

              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.

              Treatment  of  .bbl files:  If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or 1, bbl
              files are always treated as non-regeneratable.   If  $bibtex_use
              is set to 1.5, bbl files are counted as non-regeneratable condi-
              tionally: If the bib file exists, then bbl files are  regenerat-
              able,  and are deleted in a clean up.  But if $bibtex_use is 1.5
              and a bib file doesn't exist, then the bbl files are treated  as
              non-regeneratable and hence are not deleted.

              In  contrast,  if  $bibtex_use is set to 2, bbl files are always
              treated as regeneratable, and are deleted in a cleanup.

              Treatment  of  files  generated  by  custom   dependencies:   If
              $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated   is  nonzero,  regeneratable
              files are considered as including those generated by custom  de-
              pendencies  and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are not
              deleted.


       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber.  This is the same as the -c option with the ad-
              dition of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those specified  in
              the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.




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              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.

              See the -c option for the specification of whether or  not  .bbl
              files are treated as non-regeneratable or regeneratable.

              If  $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero, regeneratable
              files are considered as including those generated by custom  de-
              pendencies  and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are not
              deleted.


       -CA    (Obsolete).  Now equivalent to the -C option.  See  that  option
              for details.


       -cd    Change  to  the directory containing the main source file before
              processing it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log,  .dvi,
              .pdf, etc) will be relative to the source file.

              This  option is particularly useful when latexmk is invoked from
              a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a full pathname for  the
              source file.

              This  option  works by setting the $do_cd configuration variable
              to one; you can set that variable if you want to  configure  la-
              texmk to have the effect of the -cd option without specifying it
              on the command line.  See the documentation for that variable.


       -cd-   Do NOT change to the directory containing the main  source  file
              before processing it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log,
              .dvi, .pdf, etc) will  be  relative  to  the  current  directory
              rather than the source file.

              This  is the default behavior and corresponds to the behavior of
              the *latex programs.  However, it is not desirable behavior when
              latexmk  is invoked by a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a
              full pathname for the source file.  See the -cd option.

              This option works by setting the $do_cd  configuration  variable
              to  zero.   See the documentation for that variable for more in-
              formation.


       -CF    Remove the file containing the database of source file  informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.


       -d     Set  draft  mode.  This prints the banner message "DRAFT" across
              your page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size  and
              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option will override this option as this is really just a  short
              way of specifying:



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                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note  that  if the -d option is specified, the -ps option is as-
              sumed.


       -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
              form  of a dependency list of the form used by the make program,
              and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
              overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
              well as latexmk can determine them.

              By default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout  (i.e.,
              normally  to  the screen unless you've redirected latexmk's out-
              put). But you can set the filename where the list is sent by the
              -deps-out= option.

              See  the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of how
              to use a dependency list with make.

              Users familiar with GNU automake and  gcc  will  find  that  the
              -deps  option  is very similar in its purpose and results to the
              -M option to gcc.  (In fact, latexmk also has options  -M,  -MF,
              and -MP options that behave like those of gcc.)


       -dependents
              Equivalent to -deps.


       -deps- Do  not  show a list of dependent files after processing.  (This
              is the default.)


       -dependents-
              Equivalent to -deps-.


       -deps-out=FILENAME
              Set the filename to which the list of dependent files  is  writ-
              ten.   If  the  FILENAME argument is omitted or set to "-", then
              the output is sent to stdout.

              Use of this option also turns on the output of the list  of  de-
              pendent files after processing.


       -dF    Dvi  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a filter
              which will generate a  filtered  dvi  file  with  the  extension
              ".dviF".   All  extra processing (e.g. conversion to postscript,
              preview, printing) will then be performed on this  filtered  dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of



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              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF "dviselect even" foo.tex


       -diagnostics
              Print detailed diagnostics during a run.  This may help for  de-
              bugging  problems  or to understand latexmk's behavior in diffi-
              cult situations.


       -dir-report
              For each .tex file processed, list the settings for aux and  out
              directories,  after  they have been normalized from the settings
              specified during initialization.  See  the  description  of  the
              variable $aux_out_dir_report for more details.


       -dir-report-
              Do  not  report  the settings for aux and out directories.  (De-
              fault)


       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document using latex.


       -dvilua
              Generate dvi version of document using lualatex instead  of  la-
              tex.


       -dvi-  Turn  off  generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
              overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps  file)  that
              is  generated  from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all
              is requested.)


       -dvilualatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run dvi lualatex.
              It  behaves  like  the  -pdflatex  option, but sets the variable
              $dvilualatex.

              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets  the  command for invoking dvilualatex; it does not turn on
              the use of dvilualatex. That is done by other options or  in  an
              initialization file.


       -e <code>
              Execute  the  specified  initialization  code before processing.
              The code is Perl code of the same form as is used  in  latexmk's
              initialization  files.  For more details, see the information on
              the -r option, and the section about  "Configuration/initializa-
              tion   (RC)  files".   The  code  is  typically  a  sequence  of



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              assignment statements separated by semicolons.

              The code is executed when the -e option  is  encountered  during
              latexmk's  parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for a
              way of executing initialization code from a file.  An error  re-
              sults  in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the -r and -e
              options can be used, and they are executed in the order they ap-
              pear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters in the code on the command line.   For  example,  suppose
              you  want  to set the latex command to use its -shell-escape op-
              tion, then under UNIX/Linux you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex

              Note that the single  quotes  block  normal  UNIX/Linux  command
              shells  from  treating  the characters inside the quotes as spe-
              cial.  (In this example, the q/.../ construct is  a  Perl  idiom
              equivalent  to  using  single quotes.  This avoids the complica-
              tions of getting a quote  character  inside  an  already  quoted
              string  in  a  way that is independent of both the shell and the
              operating-system.)

              The above command line  will  NOT  work  under  MS-Windows  with
              cmd.exe  or  command.com  or 4nt.exe.  For MS-Windows with these
              command shells you could use

                   latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex

              or

                   latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex

              The last two examples will  NOT  work  with  UNIX/Linux  command
              shells.

              (Note:  the above examples show are to show how to use the -e to
              specify initialization code to be executed.  But the  particular
              effect can be achieved also by the use of the -latex option with
              less problems in dealing with quoting.)


       -emulate-aux-dir
              Emulate the use of an aux directory instead of leaving it to the
              *latex  programs to do it.  (MiKTeX supports -aux-directory, but
              TeXLive doesn't.)

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.


       -emulate-aux-dir-
              Turn off emulation to implement an aux directory and leave it to



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              the *latex program to handle the case that the aux directory  is
              different  from  the  output  directory.   Note  that if you use
              TeXLive, which doesn't support -aux-directory, latexmk will  au-
              tomatically  switch  aux_dir emulation on after the first run of
              *latex, because it will find the .log file in the wrong place.


       -f     Force latexmk to continue document  processing  despite  errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

              Note:  "Further  processing" means the running of other programs
              or the rerunning of latex (etc) that would be done if no  errors
              had  occurred.   If instead, or additionally, you want the latex
              (etc) program not to pause for user input after  an  error,  you
              should  arrange this by an option that is passed to the program,
              e.g., by latexmk's option  -interaction=nonstopmode  (which  la-
              texmk passes to *latex).


       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
              -f option.  This could be used to override a setting in  a  con-
              figuration file.


       -g     Force  latexmk  to process document fully, even under situations
              where latexmk would normally  decide  that  no  changes  in  the
              source  files have occurred since the previous run.  This option
              is useful, for example, if you change some options and  wish  to
              reprocess the files.


       -g-    Turn off -g.


       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -C had been given, and then do a regular make.


       -h or-non-help
              Print help information.


       -jobname=STRING
              Set the basename of output files(s) to STRING,  instead  of  the
              default,  which  is the basename of the specified TeX file.  (At
              present, STRING should not contain spaces.)

              This is like the same option for current implementations of  the
              *latex, and the passing of this option to these programs is part
              of latexmk's implementation of -jobname.

              There is one  enhancement,  that  the  STRING  may  contain  the



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              placeholder  '%A'.  This  will be substituted by the basename of
              the TeX file.  The primary purpose is when  multiple  files  are
              specified  on the command line to latexmk, and you wish to use a
              jobname with a different file-dependent  value  for  each  file.
              For example, suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex,
              and you wished to compare the results of compilation  by  *latex
              and those with xelatex.  Then under a unix-type operating system
              you could use the command line

                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%A-pdflatex *.tex
                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%A-xelatex *.tex

              Then the .aux, .log, and .pdf files from  the  use  of  pdflatex
              would  have  basenames  test1-pdflatex and test2-pdflatex, while
              from xelatex, the basenames would be test1-xelatex and test2-xe-
              latex.

              Under MS-Windows with cmd.exe, you would need to double the per-
              cent sign, so that the percent character is  passed  to  latexmk
              rather than being used to substitute an environment variable:

                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%%A-pdflatex *.tex
                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%%A-xelatex *.tex


       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers and the dvi to postscript converters.  This  option  is  not
              normally  needed nowadays, since current previewers normally de-
              termine this information automatically.


       -l-    Turn off -l.


       -latex This sets the generation of dvi files by latex,  and  turns  off
              the generation of pdf and ps files.

              Note:  to  set the command used when latex is specified, see the
              -latex="COMMAND" option.


       -latex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
              typically  used  to  add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk -latex="latex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for  the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your oper-
              ating system and the command-line shell you are using,  you  may
              need  to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
              else).




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              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets the command for invoking latex; it does not turn on the use
              of latex. That is done by other options or in an  initialization
              file.

              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.


       -logfilewarninglist
              -logfilewarnings After a run of *latex, give a list of  warnings
              about  undefined citations and references (unless silent mode is
              on).

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.


       -logfilewarninglist-
              -logfilewarnings- After a run of *latex, do not give a  list  of
              warnings about undefined citations and references.  (Default)

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.


       -lualatex
              Use  lualatex.   That  is,  use  lualatex  to process the source
              file(s) to pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript  files  is
              turned off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdflua -dvi- -ps-

              (Note:  Note  that  the method of implementation of this option,
              but not its intended effect, differ from some  earlier  versions
              of latexmk.)


       -lualatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run lualatex.  It
              behaves like the -pdflatex option, but sets the variable $luala-
              tex.

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on  the
              use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.


       -M     Show list of dependent files after processing.  This is  equiva-
              lent to the -deps option.






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       -MF file
              If  a  list of dependents is made, the -MF specifies the file to
              write it to.


       -MP    If a list of dependents is made, include a phony target for each
              source  file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile, the
              dummy rules work around errors the program make gives if you re-
              move header files without updating the Makefile to match.


       -makeindexfudge
              Turn  on the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -makeindexfudge-
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -MSWinBackSlash
              This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
              Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
              dows,  the  Windows  standard directory separator "\" is used to
              separate directory components in a file name.   Internally,  la-
              texmk  uses  "/" for the directory separator character, which is
              the character used by Unix-like systems.

              This is the default behavior.  However the default may have been
              overridden  by  a configuration file (latexmkrc file) which sets
              $MSWin_back_slash=0.


       -MSWinBackSlash-
              This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
              Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
              dows, the substitution of "\" for the  separator  character  be-
              tween  directory  components of a file name is not done. Instead
              the forward slash "/" is used, the same as on Unix-like systems.
              This is acceptable in most situations under MS-Windows, provided
              that filenames are properly quoted, as latexmk does by default.

              See   the   documentation   for   the   configuration   variable
              $MSWin_back_slash for more details.


       -new-viewer
              When  in  continuous-preview  mode, always start a new viewer to
              view the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in  continu-
              ous-preview  mode,  test  for a previously running previewer for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the  same



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              name  as  the current file, but in a different directory).  This
              option turns off the default behavior.


       -new-viewer-
              The inverse of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk  in  its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.


       -nobibtex
              Never run bibtex or biber.  Equivalent to the -bibtex- option.


       -nobibtexfudge or -nobibfudge
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See  documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -noemulate-aux-dir
              Turn aux_dir emulation off.  Same as -emulate-aux-dir-.


       -nomakeindexfudge
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -norc  Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.

              N.B. Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed,  and
              then  command  line options are obeyed in the order they are en-
              countered.  But -norc is an exception to this rule: it is  acted
              on first, no matter where it occurs on the command line.


       -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO

              Sets the directory for the output files of *latex.

              If the aux directory is not set or is the same as the output di-
              rectory, then all output files of *latex are sent to the  output
              directory.

              If the aux directory is set, e.g., by the option -auxdir, and is
              not equal to the output directory, then only final output  files
              (.dvi,  .ps, .pdf, .synctex, .synctex.gz) are sent to the output
              directory. Other generated files are sent to the aux directory.

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.






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       -output-format=FORMAT
              This  option  is  one  that  is allowed for latex, lualatex, and
              pdflatex. But it is not passed to these programs.   Instead  la-
              texmk  emulates  it in a way suitable for the context of latexmk
              and its workflows.

              If FORMAT is dvi, then dvi output is turned on,  and  postscript
              and  pdf  output are turned off. This is equivalent to using the
              options -dvi -ps- -pdf-.

              If FORMAT is pdf, then pdf output is  turned  on,  and  dvi  and
              postscript  output  are  turned off. This is equivalent to using
              the options -pdf -ps- -dvi-.

              If FORMAT is anything else, latexmk gives an error.


       -p     Print out the document.  By default the file to  be  printed  is
              the  first  in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is being made.
              But you can use the -print=... option to change the type of file
              to be printed, and you can configure this in a start up file (by
              setting the $print_type variable).

              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/Linux
              systems, where the default is to use the lpr command and only on
              postscript files.  In general, the correct behavior for printing
              very much depends on your system's software.  In particular, un-
              der MS-Windows you must have suitable program(s) available,  and
              you  must  have  configured  the print commands used by latexmk.
              This can be non-trivial.  See the  documentation  on  the  $lpr,
              $lpr_dvi, and $lpr_pdf configuration variables to see how to set
              the commands for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.


       -pdf   Generate  pdf  version of document using pdflatex.  (If you wish
              to use lualatex or xelatex, you can use whichever of the options
              -pdflua,  -pdfxe,  -lualatex or -xelatex applies.)  To configure
              latexmk to have such behavior by default,  see  the  section  on
              "Configuration/initialization (rc) files".


       -pdfdvi
              Generate  dvi file and then pdf version of document from the dvi
              file, by default using dvipdf.

              The program used to compile the document to dvi is latex by  de-
              fault,  but  this can be changed to dvilulatex by the use of the
              -dvilua option or by setting $dvi_mode to 2.






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       -pdflua
              Generate pdf version of document using lualatex.


       -pdfps Generate dvi file, ps file from the dvi file,  and then pdf file
              from the ps file.

              The  program used to compile the document to dvi is latex by de-
              fault, but this can be changed to dvilulatex by the use  of  the
              -dvilua option or by setting $dvi_mode to 2.


       -pdfxe Generate  pdf  version  of document using xelatex.  Note that to
              optimize processing time, latexmk uses xelatex  to  generate  an
              .xdv  file rather than a pdf file directly.  Only after possibly
              multiple runs to generate a fully up-to-date .xdv file does  la-
              texmk then call xdvipdfmx to generate the final .pdf file.

              (Note:  The  reason  why latexmk arranges for xelatex to make an
              .xdv file instead of the xelatex's default of a .pdf file is  as
              follows:  When the document includes large graphics files, espe-
              cially .png files, the production of a .pdf file  can  be  quite
              time consuming, even when the creation of the .xdv file by xela-
              tex is fast.  So the use of the intermediate .xdv file  can  re-
              sult in substantial gains in procesing time, since the .pdf file
              is produced once rather than on every run of xelatex.)


       -pdf-  Turn off generation of pdf version of document.   (This  can  be
              used  to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

              If  after  all  options  have  been processed, pdf generation is
              still turned off, then generation of a dvi file will  be  turned
              on, and then the program used to compiled a document will be la-
              tex (or, more precisely, whatever program is  configured  to  be
              used in the $latex configuration variable).


       -pdflatex
              This sets the generation of pdf files by pdflatex, and turns off
              the generation of dvi and ps files.

              Note: to set the command used when pdflatex  is  specified,  see
              the -pdflatex="COMMAND" option.


       -pdflatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run pdflatex, and
              is typically used to add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk  -pdf  -pdflatex="pdflatex  --shell-escape  %O  %S"



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              foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for the $pdflatex configuration variable.  (The option -pdflatex
              in fact sets the variable $pdflatex.)  Depending on your operat-
              ing  system  and  the  command-line shell you are using, you may
              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
              else).

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking pdflatex; it does not turn on  the
              use of pdflatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.

              To set the command for running latex (rather  than  the  command
              for pdflatex) see the -latex option.


       -pdflualatex="COMMAND"
              Equivalent to -lualatex="COMMAND".


       -pdfxelatex="COMMAND"
              Equivalent to -xelatex="COMMAND".


       -pretex=CODE

              Given that CODE is some TeX code, this options sets that code to
              be executed before inputting source file.  This  only  works  if
              the command for invoking the relevant *latex is suitably config-
              ured.  See the documentation of the variable $pre_tex_code,  and
              the  substitution  strings %P and %U for more details.  This op-
              tion works by setting the variable $pre_tex_code.

              See also the -usepretex option.

              An example:

                  latexmk  -pretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}'  -usepretex
              foo.tex

              But this is better written

                  latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex

              If you already have a suitable command configured, you only need

                  latexmk -pretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex


       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf, -print=auto,
              Define  which kind of file is printed.  This option also ensures
              that the requisite file is made, and turns on printing.



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              The (default) case -print=auto determines the kind of print file
              automatically  from  the  set  of files that is being made.  The
              first in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is among  the  files
              to be made is the one used for print out.


       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.


       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It  may
              get  overridden  by some other option that requires a postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)


       -pF    Postscript file filtering.  The argument to  this  option  is  a
              filter  which  will generate a filtered postscript file with the
              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex

              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend on your command interpreter, as used  by  the  particular
              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.


       -pv    Run  file previewer.  If the -view option is used, that will se-
              lect the kind of file to be previewed (.pdf, .ps or .dvi).  Oth-
              erwise  the  viewer views the "highest" kind of output file that
              is made, with the ordering being .pdf, .ps, .dvi (high to  low).
              This  option is incompatible with the -p and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.


       -pv-   Turn off -pv.


       -pvc   Run a file previewer  and  continually  update  the  .dvi,  .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the Description above).  Which of these files is  generated  and
              which  is  viewed  is  governed by the other options, and is the
              same as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option  -pvc
              can  only work with one file.  So in this case you will normally
              only specify one filename on the command line.  It is  also  in-
              compatible  with  the  -p and -pv options, so it turns these op-
              tions off.




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              The -pvc option also turns off force mode (-f), as  is  normally
              best  for  continuous  preview  mode.   If you really want force
              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under  some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch" does
              this for postscript files; this can be set  by  a  configuration
              variable.   This would also work for pdf files except for an ap-
              parent bug in gv that causes an error when the newly updated pdf
              file is read.)  Many other previewers will need a manual update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file, and prevents new versions being written, so it  is  a  bad
              idea  to  use  acroread  to view pdf files in preview-continuous
              mode.  It is better to use a different  viewer:  SumatraPDF  and
              gsview are good possibilities.

              There  are  some  other methods for arranging an update, notably
              useful for many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are  best  set
              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note  that  if  latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by the user, the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with  the  -pvc option will not fork new previewers, but latexmk
              will normally use the existing previewer.  (At least  this  will
              happen  when  latexmk is running under an operating system where
              it knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is  run-
              ning.)


       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.


       -pvctimeout
              Do  timeout  in pvc mode after period of inactivity, which is 30
              min. by default.  Inactivity means a period when latexmk has de-
              tected  no file changes and hence has not taken any actions like
              compiling the document.


       -pvctimeout-
              Don't do timeout in pvc mode after inactivity.


       -pvctimeoutmins=<time>
              Set period of inactivity in minutes for pvc timeout.


       -quiet Same as -silent


       -r <rcfile>
              Read the specified initialization file ("RC file")  before  pro-
              cessing.



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              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              -- see the section below on  "Configuration/initialization  (RC)
              files"  --  are read first.  (2) Then the options on the command
              line are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if  an
              initialization  file  is  specified by the -r option, it is read
              during this second step.  Thus an initialization file  specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
              Perl programming language (typically a  sequence  of  assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
              for  a  way  of giving initialization code directly on latexmk's
              command line.  An error results in latexmk  stopping.   Multiple
              instances of the -r and -e options can be used, and they are ex-
              ecuted in the order they appear on the command line.


       -rc-report
              After initialization, give a list of the  RC  files  read.  (De-
              fault)


       -rc-report-
              After initialization, do not give a list of the RC files read.


       -recorder
              Give  the  -recorder  option with *latex.  In (most) modern ver-
              sions of these programs, this results in  a  file  of  extension
              .fls  containing  a  list  of the files that these programs have
              read and written.  Latexmk will then use this  file  to  improve
              its detection of source files and generated files after a run of
              *latex.  This is the default setting of latexmk, unless overrid-
              den in an initialization file.

              For further information, see the documentation for the $recorder
              configuration variable.


       -recorder-
              Do not supply the -recorder option with *latex.


       -rules Show a list of latemk's rules and dependencies after processing.


       -rules-
              Do not show a list of latexmk's  rules  and  dependencies  after
              processing.  (This is the default.)





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       -showextraoptions
              Show  the  list of extra *latex options that latexmk recognizes,
              but that it simply passes through to the programs  *latex   when
              they  are  run.   These options are (currently) a combination of
              those allowed by the TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  (If  a
              particular  option is given to latexmk but is not handled by the
              particular implementation of *latex that  is  being  used,  that
              program  will  probably  give a warning or an error.)  These op-
              tions are very numerous, but are not listed in  this  documenta-
              tion because they have no effect on latexmk's actions.

              There  are a few options (e.g., -includedirectory=dir, -initial-
              ize, -ini) that are not recognized, either  because  they  don't
              fit  with  latexmk's  intended  operations, or because they need
              special processing by latexmk that isn't implemented (at  least,
              not yet).

              There  are  certain  options  for  *latex (e.g., -recorder) that
              trigger special actions or behavior by latexmk itself. Depending
              on  the  action,  they  may  also  be passed in some form to the
              called *latex program, and/or may affect other programs as well.
              These  options  do  have  entries  in this documentation.  Among
              these options are: -jobname=STRING, -aux-directory=dir, -output-
              directory=DIR, -quiet, and -recorder.

              There  are also options that are accepted by *latex, but instead
              trigger actions purely by latexmk: -help, -version.


       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of  diagnostics  generated.   For example, with the default set-
              tings, the command "latex -interaction=batchmode"  is  used  for
              latex, and similarly for its friends.

              See  also  the  -logfilewarninglist and -logfilewarninglist- op-
              tions.

              Also reduce the number of informational  messages  that  latexmk
              itself generates.

              To  change  the  options used to make the commands run silently,
              you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
              uration    variables,    the    relevant    ones   being   $bib-
              tex_silent_switch, $biber_silent_switch,  $dvipdf_silent_switch,
              $dvips_silent_switch,      $dvilualatex_silent_switch,      $la-
              tex_silent_switch,       $lualatex_silent_switch        $makein-
              dex_silent_switch,     $pdflatex_silent_switch,    and    $xela-
              tex_silent_switch


       -stdtexcmds
              Sets the commands for latex, etc, so that they are the  standard
              ones. This is useful to override special configurations.



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              The  result  is  that  $latex = 'latex %O %S', and similarly for
              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf  needed
              for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
              the definition.)


       -time  Show time used.  (On MS Windows, what is shown is clock time; on
              other  systems  CPU  time.)  See also the configuration variable
              $show_time.


       -time- Do not show time used.   See  also  the  configuration  variable
              $show_time.


       -use-make
              When  after  a  run  of *latex, there are warnings about missing
              files (e.g., as requested by the  LaTeX  \input,  \include,  and
              \includgraphics  commands), latexmk tries to make them by a cus-
              tom dependency. If no relevant custom dependency with an  appro-
              priate source file is found, and if the -use-make option is set,
              then as a last resort latexmk will try to use the  make  program
              to try to make the missing files.

              Note  that  the  filename may be specified without an extension,
              e.g., by \includegraphics{drawing} in a  LaTeX  file.   In  that
              case,  latexmk  will try making drawing.ext with ext set in turn
              to the possible extensions that are relevant for  latex  (or  as
              appropriate pdflatex, lualatex, xelatex).

              See  also  the documentation for the $use_make_for_missing_files
              configuration variable.


       -use-make-
              Do not use the make program to try to make missing files.   (De-
              fault.)


       -usepretex
              Sets the command lines for latex, etc, so that they use the code
              that is defined by the variable $pre_tex_code or that is set  by
              the option -pretex=CODE to execute the specified TeX code before
              the source file is read.  This  option  overrides  any  previous
              definition of the command lines.

              The  result  is  that  $latex = 'latex %O %P', and similarly for
              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf  needed
              for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
              the definition.)


       -usepretex=CODE
              Equivalent to -pretex=CODE -usepretex.  Example



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                latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex


       -v or -version
              Print version number of latexmk.


       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.


       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf, -view=none
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
              kind of requested file (in  the  low-to-high  order  .dvi,  .ps,
              .pdf).

              Note  the  possibility  -view=none  where no viewer is opened at
              all.  One example of is use is in conjunction with the -pvc  op-
              tion,  when  you  want latexmk to do a compilation automatically
              whenever source file(s) change, but do not want a  previewer  to
              be opened.


       -Werror
              This  causes  latexmk to return a non-zero status code if any of
              the files processed gives a warning about  problems  with  cita-
              tions  or references (i.e., undefined citations or references or
              about multiply defined references).  This is after  latexmk  has
              completed  all  the  runs it needs to try and resolve references
              and citations.  Thus -Werror causes latexmk to treat such  warn-
              ings as errors, but only when they occur on the last run of *la-
              tex and only after processing is complete.  Also can be  set  by
              the configuration variable $warnings_as_errors.


       -xdv   Generate xdv version of document using xelatex.


       -xelatex
              Use xelatex.  That is, use xelatex to process the source file(s)
              to pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript  files  is  turned
              off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdfxe -dvi- -ps-

              [Note:  Note  that  the method of implementation of this option,
              but not its intended primary effect, differ  from  some  earlier
              versions  of latexmk. Latexmk first uses xelatex to make an .xdv
              file, and does all the extra runs  needed  (including  those  of
              bibtex,  etc).   Only  after that does it make the pdf file from
              the .xdv file, using xdvipdfmx.  See the documentation  for  the



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              -pdfxe for why this is done.]


       -xelatex="COMMAND"
              This  sets the string specifying the command to run xelatex.  It
              sets the variable $xelatex.

              Warning: It is important to ensure that the -no-pdf is used when
              xelatex  is invoked, since latexmk expects xelatex to produce an
              .xdv file, not a .pdf file. If you provide  %O  in  the  command
              specification,  this  will be done automatically.  See the docu-
              mentation for the -pdfxe option for why  latexmk  makes  a  .xdv
              file rather than a .pdf file when xelatex is used.

              An example of the use of the -pdfxelatex option:

                   latexmk  -pdfxe  -pdfxelatex="xelatex --shell-escape %O %S"
              foo.tex

              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets  the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on the
              use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.


       Compatibility between options

       The  preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So in
       this case you will normally only specify one filename  on  the  command
       line.

       Options  -p, -pv and -pvc are mutually exclusive.  So each of these op-
       tions turns the others off.


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then
                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,
                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files




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DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC
       Some possibilities:

       a. If you get a strange error, do look carefully at the output that  is
       on  the  screen  and in log files.  While there is much that is notori-
       ously verbose in the output of latex (and that is added to by latexmk),
       the  verbosity  is  there  for a reason: to enable the user to diagnose
       problems.  Latexmk does repeat some messages at the end of a  run  that
       it  thinks  would otherwise be easy to miss in the middle of other out-
       put.

       b. Generally, remember that latexmk does its work by running other pro-
       grams.  Your first priority in dealing with errors should be to examine
       what went wrong with the individual programs.  Then you need to correct
       the  causes of errors in the runs of these programs.  (Often these come
       from errors in the source document, but they could also be about  miss-
       ing LaTeX packages, etc.)

       c. If latexmk doesn't run the programs the way you would like, then you
       need to look in this documentation at the list of command line  options
       and  then at the sections on configuration/initialization files.  A lot
       of latexmk's behavior is configurable to deal  with  particular  situa-
       tions.  (But there is a lot of reading!)

       The  remainder  of  these notes consists of ideas for dealing with more
       difficult situations.

       d. Further tricks can involve replacing the standard commands that  la-
       texmk runs by other commands or scripts.

       e.  For possible examples of code for use in an RC file, see the direc-
       tory  example_rcfiles  in  the  distribution  of  latexmk   (e.g.,   at
       http://mirror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).  Even if these
       examples don't do what you want, they may provide suitable inspiration.

       f. There's a useful trick that can be used when you  use  lualatex  in-
       stead  of  pdflatex  (and  in some related situations).  The problem is
       that latexmk won't notice a dependency on a file, bar.baz say, that  is
       input  by  the  lua code in your document instead of by the LaTeX part.
       (Thus if you change bar.baz and rerun latexmk, then latexmk will  think
       no  files have changed and not rerun lualatex, whereas if you had '\in-
       put{bar.baz}' in the LaTeX part of the document, latexmk  would  notice
       the  change.)   One  solution is just to put the following somewhere in
       the LaTeX part of the document:

                     \typeout{(bar.baz)}

       This puts a line in the log file that latexmk will  treat  as  implying
       that  the file bar.baz was read.  (At present I don't know a way of do-
       ing this automatically.)  Of course, if the file has a different  name,
       change bar.baz to the name of your file.

       g. See also the section "Advanced Configuration: Some extra resources".




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       h.    Look   on   tex.stackexchange,   i.e.,   at   http://tex.stackex-
       change.com/questions/tagged/latexmk  Someone may  have  already  solved
       your problem.

       i. Ask a question at tex.stackexchange.com.

       j.  Or ask me (the author of latexmk).  My e-mail is at the end of this
       documentation.



AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES
       Running *latex and the associated programs generate a number of  files,
       it  is  often  convenient to arrange for the generated files to be in a
       different directory than the source file(s) of  a  document.   For  our
       purposes here, we identify two classes of generated file.

       One class is what one may term the final output files, for example, the
       .pdf file generated by running pdflatex, or the .dvi file  from  latex.
       Also in this class is the ps file generated by applying dvips to a .dvi
       file. There are also .synctec or .synctex.gz files that can be used  by
       programs  that  display  .pdf files and the like to relate positions in
       them to positions in source files.

       The second class of file is composed  of  all  other  generated  files:
       These  include  notably .aux files that are used for implementing cross
       referencing, and are both generated on one run and read on a later run.
       Many  packages  generate  yet  more such intermediate files, as well as
       programs like bibtex, makeindex, etc.  There are also .log  files  from
       *latex and corresponding files from other programs.

       Let  us use the term "output directory" for the directory that receives
       the final output files, and "aux directory" for the directory  for  the
       other  generated files.  If no special options are provided to the *la-
       tex programs, these directories default to the current  directory,  and
       then the generated files aren't segregated.  If the two directories are
       the same, as is the simplest situation, then all  generated  files  are
       written  to the same directory, and one often simply refers to the out-
       put directory, without mentioning a separate aux directory.

       Support for them is provided for them in the *latex  programs:  by  the
       single option -output-directory for the TeXLive implementations, and by
       the options -aux-directory and -output-directory for the MiKTeX  imple-
       mentations.  Special support like this is needed for two reasons: First
       is that there are many packages that write files and it needs to be ar-
       ranged  that  these are automatically written to the appropriate direc-
       tory without any rewriting of the packages' code.  Second is  that  the
       files  are  often read in again on subsequent runs of *latex, and it is
       necessary that the program knows where to find the files.

       A complication is that the TeXLive implementation does  not  allow  for
       separate  aux and output directories.  Latexmk deals with this by being
       able to emulating a separate aux directory: In this method  it  invokes
       *latex  with  just  an -output-directory option, with the directory set



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       not to the desired output directory, but to the aux  directory.   After
       running  *latex,  it moves the relevant final output file(s) to the in-
       tended output directory.  Emulation can be turned  on  by  setting  the
       configuration  variable  $emulate_aux to one in a configuration file or
       by using latexmk's -emulate-aux-dir option.  The emulation method works
       equally well if MiKTeX is used.

       Latexmk  also  turns  emulation on if it is found to be needed, as fol-
       lows.  Suppose emulation is initially off, but the aux and  output  di-
       rectories  are different.  Then latexmk invokes *latex with an -aux-di-
       rectory option and after the run finds that it hasn't been obeyed,  no-
       tably  because the .log file is in the output directory rather than the
       aux directory.  Latexmk then sets emulation on, and retries.   Conceiv-
       ably, it could move all the appropriate generated files from the output
       directory to the aux directory; but there is such a  large  variety  of
       possibilities for these files that this is hard to identify all of them
       reliably except for simple cases.

       Note that the emulation issue only arises when the  user  has  arranged
       for  the  the aux and output directories to be different.  When instead
       they are equal, e.g., because the user only set the $out_dir  variable,
       then  latexmk  invokes  *latex  with  only an -output-directory option,
       which works as intended with both TeXLive and MiKTeX.

       In addition, latexmk arranges the invocations of any auxiliary programs
       like bibtex and makeindex so that they will read and write the relevant
       files from and to the aux  directory.   Programs  like  dvips,  dvipdf,
       ps2pdf,  and xdvipdfmx are invoked so that they read from the appropri-
       ate places and write their output to the output directory.

       Files considered as final output files, i.e., those that belong in  the
       output  directory  rather than the aux directory: These have the exten-
       sions .dvi, .ps., .pdf, .synctex, and .synctex.gz.  A special case, be-
       cause of compatibility issues, is of .fls files: See below.

       Note  that  xelatex  when  invoked  with its -no-pdf option, as latexmk
       does, generates an .xdv file, which would appear to have the same  sta-
       tus  as  a  .dvi file generated by latex.  Nevertheless, latexmk treats
       .xdv as an intermediate file that is found in the aux directory.   This
       is  to  match MiKTeX's treatment of the -aux-directory option.  As fur-
       ther justification, one can say that under modern  conditions  an  .xdv
       file is (almost) always an intermediate file.  Historically, the situa-
       tion with .dvi files from latex was different, and currently  dvi  pre-
       viewers do exist.


       Variables  and  options  for directories: The variables for setting the
       aux and output directories are $aux_dir and $out_dir, with  correspond-
       ing  command  line  options -auxdir (or -aux-directory) and -outdir (or
       -output-directory).  When a value for these is blank (which is the  de-
       fault  value),  it implies the use of a default: For the aux directory,
       the default is to set it equal to the output directory.  For the output
       directory, the default is to be the current directory.




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       For the turning on and off of the emulation mode, there is the configu-
       ration variable $emulate_aux and the  options  -emulate-aux-dir,  -emu-
       late-aux-dir-, -noemulate-aux-dir.


       Interaction with -cd option: When the -cd option is used (or the equiv-
       alent setting of $do_cd variable), then latexmk changes the working di-
       rectory  to  the document directory before invoking *latex.  If the aux
       and/or output directories are given by relative paths, e.g.,  by  -out-
       dir=output  for  a  directory  named "output", then the directories are
       relative to the document directory, rather than relative to the working
       directory that was in effect when latexmk was invoked. This matches the
       behavior of *latex as invoked with the provided command line  directory
       argument(s)  after  the change of working directory to the document di-
       rectory.

       Automatic creation of aux and output directories: Unlike *latex, if la-
       texmk  finds  the  requested  directory/ies  don't  exist,  it  creates
       it/them, thereby avoiding errors when *latex is invoked.

       If the document uses the \include macro to read a .tex file from a sub-
       directory, *latex will attempt to write an extra aux file to the corre-
       sponding subdirectory  of  the  aux  directory.   If  the  subdirectory
       doesn't  exist,  then  *latex will complain that it can't write the aux
       file.  After the run of *latex, latexmk detects this situation, creates
       the  necessary  directory,  and  reruns *latex with the error situation
       corrected.

       Choice of aux and output directories: Often the aux and output directo-
       ries  are  given  as subdirectories of the document directory, e.g., by
       -outdir=output. But it is possible to provide, for example, an absolute
       path  or  a  path  relative  to a parent directory, e.g., "/tmp/foo" or
       "../output".  Be aware that in general this can cause problems, notably
       with  makeindex  or  bibtex.   This is because modern versions of these
       programs, by default, will refuse to work when they find that they  are
       asked to write to a file in a directory that appears not to be the cur-
       rent working directory or one of its subdirectories.  This is  part  of
       security measures by the whole TeX system that try to prevent malicious
       or errant TeX documents from incorrectly messing with a user's files.

       By default, latexmk evades this issue: Before running bibtex and  make-
       index, latexmk changes working directory to the aux directory, with ap-
       propriate settings of search paths.  The use or non-use of  this  trick
       is  governed  by the variables $bibtex_fudge and $makeindex_fudge.  Un-
       fortunately, the trick sometimes makes bibtex and makeindex  unable  to
       find files.

       If necessary the trick can be turned off. But this is incompatible with
       an aux directory like, "/tmp/foo" of "../output").  If you really  have
       to deal with this situation, and only if you have to deal with it, then
       you need to disable the security measures (and assume any risks).   One
       way of doing this is to temporarily set an operating system environment
       variable openout_any to "a" (as in  "all"),  to  override  the  default
       "paranoid" setting.



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       Certain  names  of  aux and output directories not allowed on Microsoft
       Windows: It is natural to want to use the name "aux" for the aux direc-
       tory,  e.g., by using the option -auxdir=aux.  But on Microsoft operat-
       ing systems "aux" is one of the names that is not allowed for a file or
       directory.   I  find  it  useful to standardize on a name like "auxdir"
       (e.g., by -auxdir=auxdir); this works independently of  operating  sys-
       tem.

       Location  of .fls file: Much of the dependency information that latexmk
       uses comes from the .fls file generated when *latex is invoked with the
       -recorder  option, which latexmk does by default.  It may seem rational
       that this is written to the aux directory.  But  in  fact  versions  of
       MiKTeX prior to Oct. 2020 wrote it to the output directory.  Later ver-
       sions do write it to the aux directory.  To  deal  with  this,  latexmk
       does  two  things:  First, if latexmk finds that the .fls file has only
       been generated in the "wrong" directory, then latexmk copies it to  the
       expected directory, after which latexmk's operation continues correctly
       independently of the behavior of *latex. Second it allows its  idea  of
       the  "correct" (or expected) directory to be configured by the variable
       $fls_uses_aux_dir.  This defaults to zero, to  correspond  to  MiKTeX's
       current behavior.



ALLOWING FOR CHANGE OF OUTPUT FILE TYPE
       When one of the latex engines is run, the usual situation is that latex
       produces a .dvi file, while pdflatex and lualatex produce a .pdf  file.
       For xelatex the default is to produce a .pdf file, but to optimize pro-
       cessing time latexmk runs xelatex its -no-pdf option so  that  it  pro-
       duces  an  .xdv  file.   Further  processing by latexmk takes this as a
       starting point.

       However, the actual output file may differ from the normal expectation;
       and  then  latexmk can adjust its processing to accommodate this situa-
       tion.  The difference in output file type can happen for  two  reasons:
       One  is  that  for latex, pdflatex and lualatex the document itself can
       override the defaults. The other is that there may be a  configuration,
       or misconfiguration, such that the program that latexmk invokes to com-
       pile the document is not the expected one, or is given  options  incom-
       patible with what latexmk initially expects.

       Under  latex and pdflatex, control of the output format by the document
       is done by setting the \pdfoutput macro.  Under lualatex, the  \output-
       mode macro is used instead.

       One example of an important use-case for document control of the output
       format is a document that uses the psfrag package to  insert  graphical
       elements in the output file. The psfrag package achieves its effects by
       inserting postscript code in the output of the compilation of the docu-
       ment.   This entails the use of compilation to a .dvi file, followed by
       the use of conversion to a postscript  file  (either  directly,  as  by
       dvips  or  implicitly,  as an intermediate step by dvipdf).  Then it is
       useful to force output to be of the .dvi format by  inserting  \pdfout-
       put=0 in the preamble of the document.



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       Another  example  is where the document uses graphics file of the .pdf,
       .jpg, and png types.  With the default setting for the  graphicx  pack-
       age,  these can be processed in compilation to .pdf but not with compi-
       lation to .dvi.  In this case, it is useful to insert  \pdfoutput=1  in
       the  preamble  of the document to force compilation to .pdf output for-
       mat.

       In all of these cases, it is needed that latexmk has to adjust its pro-
       cessing  to  deal with a mismatch between the actual output format (out
       of .pdf, .dvi, .xdv) and the initially expected  output,  if  possible.
       Latexmk does this provided the following conditions are met.

       The first is that latexmk's $allow_switch configuration variable is set
       to a non-zero value as it is by default.  If this variable is  zero,  a
       mismatch of filetypes in the compilation results in an error.

       The  second condition for latexmk to be able to handle a change of out-
       put type is that no explicit requests for .dvi or .ps output files  are
       made.    Explicit  requests  are  by  the  -dvi  and  -ps,  -print=dvi,
       -print=ps, -view=dvi, and -view=ps options, and by  corresponding  set-
       tings  of  the $dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $print_type, and $view con-
       figuration variables.  The print-type and view-type  restrictions  only
       apply when printing and viewing are explicitly requested, respectively.
       For this purpose, the use of the -pdfdvi and -pdfps  options  (and  the
       corresponding  setting  of the $pdf_mode variable) does not count as an
       explicit request for the .dvi and .ps files; they are  merely  regarded
       as  a  request for making a .pdf file together with an initial proposal
       for the processing route to make it.

       Note that when accommodating a change in output file type, there is in-
       volved  a  substantial change in the network of rules that latexmk uses
       in its actions.  The second condition applied to accommodate  a  change
       is to avoid situations where the change in the rule network is too rad-
       ical to be readily handled automatically.



CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       In this section is explained which configuration files are read by  la-
       texmk.  Subsequent  sections  "How  to  Set Variables in Initialization
       Files", "Format of  Command  Specifications",  "List  of  Configuration
       Variables  Usable  in Initialization Files", "Custom Dependencies", and
       "Advanced Configuration" give details on what  can  be  configured  and
       how.

       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches the following directories for a
          system RC file, which may be named either "LatexMk" or  "latexmkrc".
       The
          directories are searched in the following order, and latexmk uses
          the first such file it finds (if any):



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          "/etc",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".
          On a MS-Windows system it looks just in "C:\latexmk".
          On  a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which Perl is that
       of cygwin), latexmk looks in the directories
          "/cygdrive/c/latexmk",
          "/etc",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".

       If the environment variable LATEXMKRCSYS is set, its value is  used  as
       the name of the system RC file, instead of any of the above.

       2) The user's RC file, if it exists.  This can be in one of two places.
       The traditional one is ".latexmkrc" in the user's home directory.   The
       other  possibility  is "latexmk/latexmkrc" in the user's XDG configura-
       tion home directory.  The actual file read is the first  of  "$XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME/latexmk/latexmkrc"  or  "$HOME/.latexmkrc" which exists.  (See
       https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-lat-
       est.html for details on the XDG Base Directory Specification.)

       Here  $HOME  is  the  user's  home  directory.  [Latexmk determines the
       user's home directory as follows:  It is the value of  the  environment
       variable  HOME,  if this variable exists, which normally is the case on
       UNIX-like systems (including Linux and OS-X).  Otherwise  the  environ-
       ment  variable USERPROFILE is used, if it exists, which normally is the
       case on MS-Windows systems. Otherwise a blank string is used instead of
       $HOME, in which case latexmk does not look for an RC file in it.]

       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME  is  the  value  of  the environment variable XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME if it exists.  If this environment variable  does  not  exist,
       but  $HOME  is  non-blank,  then $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set to the default
       value of $HOME/.config.  Otherwise $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is blank,  and  la-
       texmk does not look for an RC file under it.


       3)  The  RC  file  in  the current working directory.  This file can be
       named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to  be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this in creative ways.  But for most purposes, one simply  uses  a  se-
       quence of assignment statements that override some of the built-in set-
       tings of Latexmk.  Straightforward cases can be handled without  knowl-
       edge  of  the  Perl  language by using the examples in this document as
       templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.

       Note that command line options are obeyed in the order  in  which  they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r



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       option can override previous options but can be  itself  overridden  by
       later  options on the command line.  There is also the -e option, which
       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.

        For possible examples of code for in an RC file, see the directory ex-
       ample_rcfiles  in  the  distribution  of  latexmk (e.g., at http://mir-
       ror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).


HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The important variables that can be configured  are  described  in  the
       section  "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in initialization
       files".  (See the earlier  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)
       Files"  for  the  files where the configurations are done.)  Syntax for
       setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %S';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for the setting of an array of strings.  It is possible  to  append  an
       item to an array variable as follows:

                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note  that  simple  "scalar"  variables  have names that begin with a $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.

       Strings  should  be  enclosed  in single quotes.  (You could use double
       quotes, as in many programming languages.  But then the  Perl  program-
       ming  language  brings  into  play some special rules for interpolating
       variables into strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want  to  avoid
       these complications.)

       You  can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some of the variables set the commands that latexmk uses  for  carrying
       out  its  work, for example to generate a .dvi file from a .tex file or
       to view a postscript file.  This section describes some important  fea-
       tures of how the commands are specified.  (Note that some of the possi-
       bilities listed here do not apply to the $kpsewhich variable;  see  its
       documentation.)



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       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place of the regular latex  command,  and  suppose  moreover  that  you
       wanted  to  give  it the option "--shell-escape".  You could do this by
       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The two items starting with the % character  are  placeholders.   These
       are  substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.  Thus
       %S will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied  to,
       and  %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to use
       for this command.  (E.g., if you used the -silent option in the invoca-
       tion  of  latexmk,   it  results in the replacement of %O by "-interac-
       tion=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %A     basename of the main tex file.  Unlike %R, this is unaffected by
              the setting of a jobname by  the -jobname option or the $jobname
              configuration value.

       %B     base of filename for current command.   E.g.,  if  a  postscript
              file  document.ps  is being made from the dvi file document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination file (e.g., the name of  the  postscript  file  when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %P     If  the  variable $pre_tex_code is non-empty, then %P is substi-
              tuted  by  the  contents  of  $pre_tex_code  followed  by   \in-
              put{SOURCE},  where  SOURCE  stands  for  the name of the source
              file.  Appropriate quoting is done.  This enables TeX code to be
              passed  to  one  of the *latex engines to be executed before the
              source file is read.

              If the variable $pre_tex_code is the empty string,  then  %P  is
              equivalent to %S.

       %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.

              By  default  this is the basename of the main tex file.  However
              the value can be changed by the use of the  -jobname  option  or
              the $jobname configuration variable.

       %S     source  file  (e.g.,  the name of the dvi file when converting a
              .dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.

       %U     If the variable $pre_tex_code is non-empty, then  its  value  is
              substituted  for %U (appropriately quoted).  Otherwise it is re-
              placed by a null string.



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       %Y     Name of directory for auxiliary output files (see the configura-
              tion variable $aux_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')
              is appended if $aux_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suit-
              able character, with suitable characters being those appropriate
              to UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.   Note  that  if
              after  initialization,  $out_dir is set, but $aux_dir is not set
              (i.e., it is blank), then latexmk  sets  $aux_dir  to  the  same
              value $out_dir.

       %Z     Name  of directory for output files (see the configuration vari-
              able $out_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')  is  ap-
              pended  if  $out_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
              character, with suitable characters being those  appropriate  to
              UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.

       If  for  some  reason you need a literal % character in your string not
       subject to the above rules, use "%%".

       Appropriate quoting will be applied to the filename  substitutions,  so
       you  mustn't  supply them yourself even if the names of your files have
       spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them, beware
       that  some  older  versions  of the TeX program cannot correctly handle
       filenames containing spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not  work
       correctly  on your system, you can turn it off -- see the documentation
       for the variable $quote_filenames.

       See the default values in the section "List of configuration  variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.

       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a  command,  latexmk will supply what its author thinks are appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching"  a  command: Normally when latexmk runs a command, it waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run detached, so that latexmk gets the previewer running and  then  re-
       turns  to  its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
       achieve this effect of detaching a command, you  need  to  precede  the
       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This  will  be translated to whatever is appropriate for your operating
       system.

       Notes: (1) In some circumstances, latexmk will always run a command de-
       tached.   This  is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This  pre-
       cludes  the  possibility  of running a command named start.  (3) If the
       word start occurs more than  once  at  the  beginning  of  the  command
       string,  that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin, some



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       complications happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging  of
       UNIX  and  MS-Windows.   See  the  source code for how I've handled the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the
       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a subdirectory of "C:\Program Files".  Such command names should be en-
       closed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';
            $pdf_previewer   =   'start   "c:/Program   Files/SumatraPDF/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';
            $pdf_previewer  =  'start "c:/Program Files/SumatraPDF (x86)/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';


       (Note about the above example: Under  MS-Windows  forward  slashes  are
       equivalent to backslashes in a filename under almost all circumstances,
       provided that the filename is inside double quotes.  It  is  easier  to
       use forward slashes in examples like the one above, since then one does
       not have to worry about the rules for dealing with forward  slashes  in
       strings in the Perl language.)

       Command  names  under  Cygwin: If latexmk is executed by Cygwin's Perl,
       be particularly certain that pathnames in commands have forward slashes
       not  the  usual  backslashes  for the separator of pathname components.
       See the above examples.  Backslashes often get  misinterpreted  by  the
       Unix shell used by Cygwin's Perl to execute external commands.  Forward
       slashes don't suffer from this problem, and (when quoted, as above) are
       equally acceptable to MS-Windows.

       Using  MS-Windows  file  associations: A useful trick under modern ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command 'start' by
       itself:

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';

       Under MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever program the system
       has associated with dvi files.  (The  same  applies  for  a  postscript
       viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note that this trick is not always suit-
       able for the pdf previwer, if your system has acroread for the  default
       pdf viewer.  As explained elsewhere, acroread under MS-Windows does not
       work well with latex and latexmk, because acroread locks the pdf file.

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command
       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This  typically  is  used when an appropriate command does not exist on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only



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       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.  Suppose you want latexmk to use latex  with  source  specials
       enabled.   Then  you  might use the following line in an initialization
       file:

            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';

       Running a subroutine instead of an external command: Use  a  specifica-
       tion starting with "internal", as in

            $latex = 'internal mylatex %O %S';
            sub mylatex {
                my @args = @_;
                # Possible preprocessing here
                return system 'latex', @args;
            }

       For  some  of the more exotic possibilities that then become available,
       see the section "ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: Some extra resources  and  ad-
       vanced  tricks".  Also  see some of the examples in the directory exam-
       ple_rcfiles in the latexmk distribution.

       Advanced tricks: Normally one specifies a single command for  the  com-
       mands  invoked by latexmk.  Naturally, if there is some complicated ad-
       ditional processing you need to do in your special situation,  you  can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       You can also use a Perl subroutine instead of a script  --  see  above.
       This is generally the most flexible and portable solution.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example, if when running pdflatex to generate a pdf  file  from  a  tex
       file you need to run another program after pdflatex to perform some ex-
       tra processing, you could do something like:

            $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';

       This  definition  assumes  you  are using a UNIX-like system (which in-
       cludes Linux and OS-X), so that the two commands to be  run  are  sepa-
       rated by the semicolon in the middle of the string.

       If you are using MS-Windows, you would replace the above line by

          $pdflatex = 'cmd /c pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S'
                      . '&& pst2pdf_for_latexmk %B';

       Here,  the  UNIX  command  separator ; is replaced by &&.  In addition,
       there is a problem that some versions of Perl on MS-Windows do not obey
       the  command separator; this problem is overcome by explicitly invoking
       the MS-Windows command-line processor cmd.exe.





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LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       In this section are specified the variables whose  values  can  be  ad-
       justed  to  configure  latexmk.   (See  the earlier section "Configura-
       tion/Initialization (rc) Files" for the files where the  configurations
       are done.)

       Default values are indicated in brackets.  Note that for variables that
       are boolean in character, concerning whether latexmk does or  does  not
       behave  in a certain way, a non-zero value, normally 1, indicates true,
       i.e., the behavior occurs, while a zero value indicates a false  value,
       i.e., the behavior does not occur.


       $allow_switch [1]

              This  controls  what happens when the output extension of latex,
              pdflatex, lualatex or xelatex differs  from  what  is  expected.
              (The possible extensions are .dvi, .pdf, .xdv.)  This can happen
              with the use of the \pdfoutput macro in a document compiled  un-
              der  latex or pdflatex, or with the use of the \outputmode macro
              under lualatex.  It can also happen with certain kinds of incor-
              rect configuration.

              In  such a case, latexmk can appropriately adjust its network of
              rules.  The adjustment is made if $allow_switch is on, and if no
              request for a dvi or ps file has been made.

              See the section ALLOWING FOR CHANGE OF OUTPUT EXTENSION.


       $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
              Whether  .ps and .pdf files are initially to be made in a tempo-
              rary directory and then moved to the final location.  (This  ap-
              plies to dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering
              operators on .dvi and .ps files.  It does not apply to pdflatex,
              unfortunately,  since  pdflatex  provides no way of specifying a
              chosen name for the output file.)

              This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of
              these files can occupy a substantial time.  If a viewer (notably
              gv) sees that the file has changed, it may read the new file be-
              fore the program writing the file has not yet finished its work,
              which  can cause havoc.

              See the $pvc_view_file_via_temporary variable for a setting that
              applies  only  if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option) is used.
              See $tmpdir for the setting of the directory where the temporary
              file is created.


       $analyze_input_log_always [1]

              After  a run of latex (etc), always analyze .log for input files
              in the <...> and (...) constructions.  Otherwise,  only  do  the



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              analysis when fls file doesn't exist or is out of date.

              Under  normal  circumstances,  the data in the fls file is reli-
              able, and the test of the log file gets lots of false positives;
              usually  $analyze_input_log_always is best set to zero.  But the
              test of the log file is needed at least in the following  situa-
              tion:  When a user needs to persuade latexmk that a certain file
              is a source file, and latexmk doesn't otherwise find  it.   Then
              the  user  can  write  code  that causes a line with (...) to be
              written to log file.  One important case is for lualatex,  which
              doesn't  always  generate  lines  in the .fls file for input lua
              files.  (The situation with lualatex is  HIGHLY  version  depen-
              dent,  e.g.,  there  was  a  big change between TeXLive 2016 and
              TeXLive 2017.)

              To keep backward compatibility with older versions  of  latexmk,
              the default is to set $analyze_input_log_always to 1.


       $auto_rc_use [1]
              Whether  to  automatically read the standard initialization (rc)
              files, which are the system RC file, the user's RC file, and the
              RC file in the current directory.  The command line option -norc
              can be used to turn this setting off.  Each RC file co2uld  also
              turn  this  setting off, i.e., it could set $auto_rc_use to zero
              to prevent automatic reading of the later RC files.

              This variable does not affect the reading of RC files  specified
              on the command line by the -r option.

       $aux_dir [""]
              The  aux directory, i.e., the directory in which auxiliary files
              (aux, log, etc) are to be written by a run of *latex.

              If this variable is not set, but $out_dir is set,  then  latexmk
              takes  the  aux directory to equal the output directory which is
              the directory to which final output files are to be written.

              If neither variable is set, then the current directory when *la-
              tex is invoked is used both for the aux and output directories.

              If the aux and output directories are distinct, then the aux di-
              rectory contains all generated files with the exception of  "fi-
              nal  output  files",  which  are  defined to be .dvi, .ps, .pdf,
              .synctex, and .synctex.gz files.

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.



       $aux_out_dir_report [0]
              For  each primary .tex file processed, list the settings for aux
              and output directories, after they have been normalized from the



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              settings specified during initialization.

              This  report  gives  a  reminder  of where to look for generated
              files.

              The report has to be done per primary .tex file, because of pos-
              sible  directory  changes  for each file (when the -cd option is
              used).  In the simplest cases, the directory names are the  same
              as  originally  specified.  But in general some clean up/normal-
              ization is performed; this helps performance and cleans up  out-
              put to the screen.



       $bad_warning_is_error [0]
              Whether  to treat bad warnings reported by *latex in log file as
              errors. The  specifications  of  the  warning  messages  are  in
              @bad_warnings.


       @bad_warnings
              Array  of  regular  expressions  specifying messages in log file
              that are officially treated as warnings rather  than  errors  by
              *latex,  but  which  a  user may treat as errors: See $bad_warn-
              ing_is_error.

              Currently the default set of these warnings is those about  \end
              occuring inside constructs.


       $banner [0]
              If  nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
              converting the dvi file to postscript.   Without  modifying  the
              variable  $banner_message,  this is equivalent to specifying the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and  1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is
              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.

       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be



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              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.
              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
              directories where latexmk should look for .bib  files.   By  de-
              fault  it  is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note  that  under  MS  Windows,  either a forward slash "/" or a
              backward slash "\" can be used to separate pathname  components,
              so  the  first  two  and the second two examples are equivalent.
              Each backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul  of
              Perl's  rules for writing strings. Generally, it is simplest al-
              ways to use forward slashes instead of backward slashes.

              Important note: This variable is now mostly obsolete in the cur-
              rent  version  of  latexmk, since it now uses a better method of
              searching for files using the kpsewhich  command.   However,  if
              your system is an unusual one without the kpsewhich command, you
              may need to set the variable @BIBINPUTS.


       $biber ["biber %O %S"]
              The biber processing program.


       $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
              Switch(es) for the biber processing program when silent mode  is
              on.

       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_fudge [1]
              When  using  bibtex, whether to change directory to $aux_dir be-
              fore running bibtex.

              The need arises as follows:

              a. With bibtex before about 2019, if the filename  given  to  it
              contains a path component, there was a bug that bibtex would not
              find extra aux files, as produced by  the  \include  command  in
              TeX.



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              b.  With  all  moderately  recent versions of bibtex, bibtex may
              refuse to write its bbl and blg files, for security reasons, for
              certain cases of the path component of the filename given to it.

              However,  there  are  also rare cases where the change-directory
              method prevents bibtex from finding certain bib  or  bst  files.
              Then $bibtex_fudge needs to be set to 0.


       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.


       $bibtex_use [1]
              Under what conditions to run bibtex or biber.  When latexmk dis-
              covers  from the log file that one (or more) bibtex/biber-gener-
              ated bibliographies are used, it can run bibtex or  biber  when-
              ever  it  appears  necessary  to regenerate the bbl file(s) from
              their source bib  database  file(s).   But  sometimes,  the  bib
              file(s) are not available (e.g., for a document obtained from an
              external archive), but the bbl files are provided.  In that case
              use  of  bibtex or biber will result in incorrect overwriting of
              the precious  bbl  files.   The  variable  $bibtex_use  controls
              whether  this  happens,  and  also  controls whether or not .bbl
              files are deleted in a cleanup operation.

              The possible values of $bibtex_use are:
                0: never use bibtex or biber; never delete  .bbl  files  in  a
              cleanup.
                1: only use bibtex if the bib file(s) exist; never delete .bbl
              files in a cleanup.
                1.5: only use bibtex if the  bib  files  exist;  conditionally
              delete  .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them only when the
              bib files all exist).
                2: run bibtex or biber whenever it appears necessary to update
              the  bbl  file(s),  without testing for the existence of the bib
              files; always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.


       $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
              by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
              the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)


       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
              detected in the fls file (or failing that, in log file) as being
              generated.   It  will  also  include files made from these first
              generation generated files.

              This operation is somewhat dangerous, and  can  have  unintended



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              consequences,  since the files to be deleted are determined from
              a file created by *latex, which can contain  erroneous  informa-
              tion. Therefore this variable is turned off by default, and then
              files to be deleted are restricted to those explicitly specified
              by    patterns    configured   in   the   variables   clean_ext,
              clean_full_ext, and @generated_exts.  Standard cases (e.g., .log
              files)  appear  in latexmk's initial value for the array @gener-
              ated_exts.

       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If nonzero, specifies cleanup mode: 1 for full  cleanup,  2  for
              cleanup  except  for .dvi, .ps and .pdf files, 3 for cleanup ex-
              cept for dep and aux files.  (There is also  extra  cleaning  as
              specified by the $clean_ext, $clean_full_ext and @generated_exts
              variables.)

              This variable is equivalent to specifying one of the  -c  or  -C
              options.   But there should be no need to set this variable from
              an RC file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of  the
              clean-up  options  (-c  or  -C)  is selected.  The value of this
              variable is a string containing the extensions separated by spa-
              ces.

              It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to
              be deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands, and it
              is also possible to use wildcards.  Thus setting

                  $clean_ext  =  "out  %R-blx.bib  %R-figures*.log  pythontex-
              files-%R/*";

              in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
              tion  is  specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set of files
              deleted, but also files of the form FOO.out,  FOO-blx.bib,  FOO-
              figures*.log,  and  pythontex-files-FOO/*,  where FOO stands for
              the basename of the file being processed (as in FOO.tex).

              Most of the files to be deleted are relative  to  the  directory
              specified  by  $aux_dir.  Note that if $out_dir but not $aux_dir
              is set, then in its initialization, latexmk sets $aux_dir  equal
              to  $out_dir.   A  normal  situation  is therefore that $aux_dir
              equals $out_dir, which is the only case  directly  supported  by
              TeXLive,  unlike  MiKTeX.   Note  that even with TeXLive latexmk
              does now support different values for the directories -- see the
              explanation of the $emulate_aux variable.

              If $out_dir and $aux_dir different, latexmk actually deletes any
              files of the specified names in both $aux_dir and $out_dir; this
              is  because under certain error conditions, the files may be put
              in $out_dir instead of $aux_dir.  This also handles the case  of
              deleting any fls file, since that file is in $out_dir.




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              The  filenames  specified for a clean-up operation can refer not
              only to regular files but also to directories.  Directories  are
              only deleted if they are empty.  An example of an application is
              to pythontex, which creates files  in  a  particular  directory.
              You  can  arrange  to remove both the files and the directory by
              setting

                  $clean_ext = "pythontex-files-%R pythontex-files-%R";

              See also the (array) variable  @generated_exts.   In  the  past,
              this  variable  had certain uses beyond that of $clean_ext.  But
              now, they accomplish the same things.  In fact,  after  initial-
              ization  including  the  processing of command line options, la-
              texmk simply appends the list of extensions in $clean_ext to the
              array @generated_exts.

       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when the -C op-
              tion is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove  when  the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

              More general patterns are allowed, as for $clean_ext.

              The  files  specified by $clean_full_ext to be deleted are rela-
              tive to the directory specified by $out_dir.


       $compiling_cmd [""], $failure_cmd [""], $warning_cmd [""], $success_cmd
       [""]

              These  variables  specify  commands that are executed at certain
              points of compilations.  One motivation for their  existence  is
              to  allow  very useful convenient visual indications of compila-
              tion status even when the window receiving the screen output  of
              the  compilation is hidden.  This is particularly useful in pre-
              view-continuous mode.

              The commands are executed  at  the  following  points:  $compil-
              ing_cmd  at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end of
              a completely successful compilation, $failure_cmd at the end  of
              an unsuccessful compilation, $warning_cmd at the of an otherwise
              successful compilation that gives warnings about undefined cita-
              tions or references or about multiply defined references. If any
              of above variables is undefined or  blank  (the  default  situa-
              tion), then the corresponding command is not executed.

              However,  when  $warning_cmd  is  not set, then in the case of a
              compilation with warnings about  references  or  citations,  but
              with  no  other  error,  one  or other of $success_cmd or $fail-
              ure_cmd is used (if it is  set)  according  to  the  setting  of
              $warnings_as_errors.

              An example of a simple setting of these variables is as follows




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                  $compiling_cmd  =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
              --name \"%D compiling\"";
                  $success_cmd   = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
              --name \"%D OK\"";
                  $warning_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \"%D\" ".
                                   "set_window --name \"%D CITE/REF ISSUE\"";
                  $failure_cmd    =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
              --name \"%D FAILURE\"";

              These assume that the program xdotool  is  installed,  that  the
              previewer  is using an X-Window system for display, and that the
              title of the window contains the name of the displayed file,  as
              it  normally  does.   When the commands are executed, the place-
              holder string %D is replaced by  the  name  of  the  destination
              file, which is the previewed file.  The above commands result in
              an appropriate string being appended to the filename in the win-
              dow title: " compiling", " OK", or " FAILURE".

              Other  placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with %S
              and %T normally being identical. These can be useful for a  com-
              mand  changing  the title of the edit window. The visual indica-
              tion in a window title can useful, since the user does not  have
              to  keep shifting attention to the (possibly hidden) compilation
              window to know the status of the compilation.

              More complicated situations can best be handled  by  defining  a
              Perl  subroutine to invoke the necessary commands, and using the
              "internal" keyword in the definitions to get the  subroutine  to
              be invoked.  (See the section "Format of Command Specifications"
              for how to do this.)

              Naturally, the above settings that invoke  the  xdotool  program
              are  only  applicable  when  the X-Window system is used for the
              relevant window(s).  For other cases, you will have to find what
              software solutions are available.


       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".

       @default_excluded_files [()]
              When  latexmk  is invoked with no files specified on the command
              line, then, by default, it will process all files in the current
              directory with the extension .tex.  (In general, it will process
              the files specified in the @default_files variable.)

              But sometimes you want to exclude particular files from this de-
              fault  list.  In that case you can specify the excluded files in
              the array @default_excluded_files.  For example if you wanted to
              process  all  .tex files with the exception of common.tex, which
              is a not a standard alone LaTeX file but a file input by some or
              all of the others, you could do

                   @default_files = ("*.tex");



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                   @default_excluded_files = ("common.tex");

              If you have a variable or large number of files to be processed,
              this method saves you from having to list them in detail in @de-
              fault_files  and having to update the list every time you change
              the set of files to be processed.

              Notes: 1. This variable has no effect except when no  files  are
              specified on the latexmk command line.  2. Wildcards are allowed
              in @default_excluded_files.

       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              If no filenames are specified on the command line, latexmk  pro-
              cesses  all  tex files specified in the @default_files variable,
              which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in  the  cur-
              rent  directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk and it
              will process an appropriate set of  files.   But  sometimes  you
              want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case you
              can list the files to be processed by setting @default_files  in
              an  initialization  file (e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in the cur-
              rent directory).  Then if no files are specified on the  command
              line  then  the  files you specify by setting @default_files are
              processed.

              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note that more than file may be given, and that the default  ex-
              tension is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses are
              because @default_files is an array variable, i.e., a sequence of
              filename specifications is possible.

              If  you want latexmk to process all .tex files with a few excep-
              tions, see the @default_excluded_files array variable.

       $dependents_phony [0]
              If a list of dependencies is output,  this  variable  determines
              whether  to include a phony target for each source file.  If you
              use the dependents list in a  Makefile,  the  dummy  rules  work
              around  errors make gives if you remove header files without up-
              dating the Makefile to match.

       $dependents_list [0]
              Whether to display a list(s) of dependencies at  the  end  of  a
              run.





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       $deps_file ["-"]
              Name  of file to receive list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
              run, to be used if $dependesnt_list is set.  If the filename  is
              "-",  then  the dependency list is set to stdout (i.e., normally
              the screen).


       $do_cd [0]
              Whether to change working directory to the  directory  specified
              for  the main source file before processing it.  The default be-
              havior is not to do this, which is the same as the  behavior  of
              *latex  programs.   This variable is set by the -cd and -cd- op-
              tions on latexmk's command line.

       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The dvi file filter to be run on the newly produced dvi file be-
              fore other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the -dF option.


       $dvilualatex ["dvilualatex %O %S"]
              Specifies  the  command  line to invoke the dvilualatex program.
              Note that as with other programs, you can use this variable  not
              just  to  change  the name of the program used, but also specify
              options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $dvilualatex =  "dvilualatex  --src-specials
              %O %S";

              To  do  a  coordinated  setting  of all of $dvilualatex, $latex,
              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see  the  section  "Advanced
              Configuration".


       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If  one, generate a dvi version of the document by use of latex.
              Equivalent to the -dvi option.

              If 2, generate a dvi version of the document by use of dviluala-
              tex.  Equivalent to the -dvilua option.

              The  variable  $dvi_mode  defaults  to 0, but if no explicit re-
              quests are made for other types of file (postscript, pdf),  then
              $dvi_mode  will  be  set  to 1.  In addition, if a request for a
              file for which a .dvi file is a prerequisite  and  $dvi_mode  is
              zero, then $dvi_mode is set to 1.



       $dvilualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the dvilualatex program (specified in the vari-
              able $dvilualatex) when silent mode is on.

              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
              that equally applies to $dvilualatex_silent_switch.



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       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The  command  to  invoke a dvi-previewer.  [Under MS-Windows the
              default is "start"; then latexmk arranges to use the  MS-Windows
              start  program,  which will cause to be run whatever command the
              system has associated with .dvi files.]

              Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate before continuing its work.  So normally you should  pre-
              fix  the  command  by  "start  ", which flags to latexmk that it
              should do the detaching of the  previewer  itself  (by  whatever
              method  is  appropriate to the operating system).  But sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety  of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer in landscape mode.  [Under
              MS-Windows  the default is "start"; then latexmk arranges to use
              the MS-Windows start program, which will cause to be  run  what-
              ever command the system has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf -dALLOWPSTRANSPARENCY %O %S %D"]
              Command  to convert .dvi to .pdf file.  A common reconfiguration
              is to use the dvipdfm command, which needs its  arguments  in  a
              different order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING:  The  default  dvipdf  script  generates pdf files with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That  script  should  be  modified to give dvips the options "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvipdf_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvipdf program when silent mode is on.

              N.B. The standard dvipdf program runs silently,  so  adding  the
              silent  switch has no effect, but is actually innocuous.  But if
              an alternative program is used, e.g., dvipdfmx, then the  silent
              switch  has  an  effect.   The  default  setting  is correct for
              dvipdfm and dvipdfmx.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file.   If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the value
              of the $dvips_pdf_switch variable -- see below --  will  be  in-
              cluded in the options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file in landscape mode.





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       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when pdf file is  to  be  generated
              from .ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When  the  dvi  previewer is set to be updated by running a com-
              mand, this is the command that is run.  See the information  for
              the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and see
              information on the variable $pdf_update_method  for  an  example
              for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  dvi  viewer  updates its display when the dvi file has
              changed.   The  values  here  apply  equally  to  the   $pdf_up-
              date_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2 => Send the  signal,  whose  number  is  in  the  variable
              $dvi_update_signal.   The  default  value under UNIX is suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3 => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the  file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4  => run a command to do the update.  The command is speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an  exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGUSR1, which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending  a signal -- see the information on the
              variable $dvi_update_method.  The default value is the  one  ap-
              propriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.

       $emulate_aux [0]
              Whether  to  emulate  the use of aux directory when $aux_dir and
              $out_dir are different, rather than using the -aux-directory op-
              tion  for the *latex programs.  (MiKTeX supports -aux-directory,
              but TeXLive doesn't.)

              If you use a version of *latex that doesn't support  -aux-direc-
              tory,  e.g.,  TeXLive, latexmk will automatically switch aux_dir
              emulation on after the first run of *latex, because it will find
              the .log file in the wrong place.  But it is better to set $emu-
              late_aux to 1 in an rc file, or equivalently to  use  the  -emu-
              late-aux-dir option. This emulation mode works equally well with
              MiKTeX.

              Aux directory emulation means that when *latex is  invoked,  the



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              output directory provided to *latex is set to be the desired aux
              directory. After that, any files that need to be in  the  output
              directory  will  be moved there by latexmk. (These are the files
              with extensions .dvi, .ps, .pdf, .synctex, .synctex.gz, and, de-
              pending  on  the setting of the $fls_uses_out_dir variable, also
              the .fls file.)


       $failure_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.


       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The extension of the file which latexmk generates to  contain  a
              database  of information on source files.  You will not normally
              need to change this.


       $fls_uses_out_dir [0]
              This variable determines whether or not the .fls file should  be
              in  the output directory instead of the natural directory, which
              is the aux directory.  If the variable is nonzero, the .fls file
              is to be in the output directory.  See the section AUXILIARY AND
              OUTPUT DIRECTORIES for more  details  about  these  directories.
              The    rationale    for    the   existence   of   the   variable
              $fls_uses_aux_dir is explained there.

              In all cases, if latexmk finds that an .fls file has been gener-
              ated   in  the  opposite  directory  to  the  one  specified  by
              $fls_uses_out_dir, it copies the file  to  the  other  directory
              (aux  or  output  directory as appropriate).  The file is copied
              rather than simply moved, to avoid potential clashes with  other
              software  that  assumes the .fls file is generated in the direc-
              tory it was written to by *latex. Thus the effect  an  incorrect
              setting of $fls_uses_out_dir is only to cause a superfluous copy
              of the .fls file to be generated.


       $force_mode [0]
              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.


       @generated_exts [( 'aux', 'bcf', 'fls',  'idx',  'ind',  'lof',  'lot',
       'out', 'toc', 'blg', 'ilg', 'log', 'xdv' )]

              This  contains a list of extensions for files that are generated
              during processing, and that should  be  deleted  during  a  main
              clean  up  operation,  as invoked by the command line option -c.
              (The use of -C or -gg gives this clean up and more.)

              The default values are extensions for standard  files  generated
              by  *latex,  bibtex, and the like.  (Note that the clean up also



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              deletes the fdb_latexmk file, but that's separately  coded  into
              latexmk, currently.)

              After  initialization  of latexmk and the processing of its com-
              mand line, the  items  in  clean_ext  are  appended  to  @gener-
              ated_exts.   So  these two variables have the same meaning (con-
              trary to older versions of latexmk).

              The items in @generated_exts are normally extensions  of  files,
              whose  base  name  is  the same as the main tex file.  But it is
              also possible to specify patterns including  that  basename  ---
              see the explanation of the variable $clean_ext.

              In addition to specifying files to be deleted in a clean up, la-
              texmk uses the same specification to assist its  examination  of
              changes  in source files: Under some situations it needs to find
              those changes in files (since a previous run) that are  expected
              to  be  due to the user editing a file.  This contrasts with the
              cases of files that are generated by some program run by latexmk
              and  that differ from the results of the previous run.  This use
              of @generated_exts is normally unimportant, given the usual  ac-
              curacy  of  latexmk's  other ways of determining these generated
              files.

              A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list,  without
              losing  the already defined ones is to use a push command in the
              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds the extension "end" to the list of predefined generated ex-
              tensions.   (This  extension  is used by the RevTeX package, for
              example.)


       $go_mode [0]
              If nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is  then
              equivalent to the -g option.

       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The  general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra run
              of some program is needed is that one of the  source  files  has
              changed.   But  consider for example a latex package that causes
              an encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made  that
              is  to  be read in on the next run.  The file contains a comment
              line giving its creation date and time.  On  the  next  run  the
              time  changes,  latex  sees  that  the eps file has changed, and
              therefore reruns latex.  This causes an infinite loop,  that  is
              only  terminated  because  latexmk  has a limit on the number of
              runs to guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.



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              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.  The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an  item
              in  a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing  a  regular  expression.  (See documentation on Perl for how
              they are to be specified in general.)  This  particular  regular
              expression  specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate:
              " are to be ignored in deciding whether a file of the given  ex-
              tension .eps has changed.

              There  is  only one regular expression available for each exten-
              sion.  If you need more one pattern to specify lines to  ignore,
              then  you need to combine the patterns into a single regular ex-
              pression.  The simplest method is separate the different  simple
              patterns  by  a vertical bar character (indicating "alternation"
              in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate:  |^%%Ti-
              tle: ';

              causes lines starting with either "^%%CreationDate: " or "^%%Ti-
              tle: " to be ignored.

              It may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in,  for
              example,  in  a system or user initialization file, and you wish
              to remove this in a file that is read later.  To  do  this,  you
              use Perl's delete function, e.g.,

                  delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};


       $jobname [""]

              This  specifies the jobname, i.e., the basename that is used for
              generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi, .ps,  .pdf,  etc).   If  this
              variable  is a null string, then the basename is the basename of
              the main tex file.  (At present, the string in  $jobname  should
              not contain spaces.)

              The  placeholder  '%A' is permitted. This will be substituted by
              the basename of the TeX file.  The primary purpose is when a va-
              riety  of  tex  files are to be processed, and you want to use a
              different jobname for each but one that is  distinct  for  each.
              Thus  if you wanted to compare compilations of a set of files on
              different operating systems, with distinct filenames for all the
              cases, you could set

                 $jobname = "%A-$^O";

              in  an initialization file.  (Here $^O is a variable provided by



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              perl that contains perl's name for the operating system.)

              Suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex.   Then  when
              you run

                 latexmk -pdf *.tex

              both  files  will  be  compiled.  The .aux, .log, and .pdf files
              will have basenames test1-MSWin32 ante test2-MSWin32  on  a  MS-
              Windows system, test1-darwin and test2-darwin on an OS-X system,
              and a variety of similar cases on linux systems.


       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The program called to locate a source file when the  name  alone
              is  not  sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk have suffi-
              cient path information to be found directly.  But sometimes, no-
              tably when a .bib or a .bst file is found from the log file of a
              bibtex or biber run, only the base name of the  file  is  known,
              but not its path. The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to
              find it.

              (For advanced users: Because of the different way in  which  la-
              texmk uses the command specified in $kpsewhich, some of the pos-
              sibilities listed in the FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS do not
              apply.   The  internal  and  start keywords are not available. A
              simple command specification with possible options and then "%S"
              is  all  that  is  guaranteed to work.  Note that for other com-
              mands, "%S" is substituted by a single source file. In contrast,
              for $kpsewhich, "%S" may be substituted by a long list of space-
              separated filenames, each of which is  quoted.   The  result  on
              STDOUT of running the command is then piped to latexmk.)

              See  also  the  @BIBINPUTS variable for another way that latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.

       $kpsewhich_show [0]
              Whether  to show diagnostics about invocations of kpsewhich: the
              command line use to invoke it and the results.   These  diagnos-
              tics  are shown if $kpsewhich_show is non-zero or if diagnostics
              mode is on.  (But in the second case, lots of other  diagnostics
              are  also  shown.)   Without  these diagnostics there is nothing
              visible in latexmk's screen output about  invocations  of  kpse-
              which.

       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the  -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.

       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              Specifies  the  command  line  for the LaTeX processing program.
              Note that as with other programs, you can use this variable  not



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              just  to  change  the name of the program used, but also specify
              options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials %O %S";

              To do a coordinated setting  of  all  of  $dvilualatex,  $latex,
              $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex, see the section "Advanced
              Configuration".


       %latex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not
              been found, and the file is given without  an  extension.   This
              typically  happens  when LaTeX commands of the form \input{file}
              or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file  does
              not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The default
              extensions are 'tex' and 'eps'.

              (For Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose  keys
              are  the  extensions.   The values are irrelevant.)  Two subrou-
              tines are provided for manipulating this and the  related  vari-
              able  %pdflatex_input_extensions,  add_input_ext  and remove_in-
              put_ext.  They are used as in the following examples are  possi-
              ble lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add  the  extension 'asdf to latex_input_extensions.  (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate programming in the LaTeX source file to enable  the  file
              to  be  read.   The standard extensions are handled by LaTeX and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.)

       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode  is
              on.

              If  you  use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure
              the options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by  the  following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch  =  "-interaction=batchmode  -c-style-er-
              rors";




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       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/Linux, "NONE lpr" under MS-Windows]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/Linux), there is no standard  pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of  single
              and  double  quotes  around the name.  The single quotes specify
              that this is a string to be assigned to the configuration  vari-
              able  $lpr.   The double quotes are part of the string passed to
              the operating system to get the command obeyed; this  is  neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under MS-Windows you could set this to use gsview, if it is  in-
              stalled, e.g.,

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the double  quotes  around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.

       $lualatex ["lualatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing program that
              is to be used when the lualatex program is called for (e.g.,  by
              the option -lualatex.

              To  do  a  coordinated  setting  of all of $dvilualatex, $latex,
              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see  the  section  "Advanced
              Configuration".


       %lualatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a lualatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This typically happens when LaTeX  commands  of  the  form  \in-
              put{file}  or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
              file does not exist.




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              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The  de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %lualatex_input_extensions.

       $lualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the lualatex program (specified in  the  variable
              $lualatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $lualatex_silent_switch.

       $make ["make"]
              The make processing program.

       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $makeindex_fudge [0]
              When using makeindex, whether to change  directory  to  $aux_dir
              before  running  makeindex.   Set to 1 if $aux_dir is not an ex-
              plicit subdirectory of current  directory,  otherwise  makeindex
              will refuse to write its output and log files, for security rea-
              sons.

       $makeindex_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for the index processing program when silent mode  is
              on.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The  maximum  number of times latexmk will run *latex before de-
              ciding that there may be an infinite loop and that it  needs  to
              bail  out,  rather than rerunning *latex again to resolve cross-
              references, etc.  The default value covers all normal cases.

              (Note that the "etc" covers a lot of cases where one run of *la-
              tex generates files to be read in on a later run.)

       $MSWin_back_slash [1]
              This  configuration  variable only has an effect when latexmk is
              running under MS-Windows.  With the default value of 1 for  this
              variable,  when  a command is executed under MS-Windows, latexmk
              substitutes "\" for the separator character  between  components
              of  a  directory name.  Internally, latexmk uses "/" for the di-
              rectory separator character, which  is  the  character  used  by
              Unix-like systems.

              For  almost  all programs and for almost all filenames under MS-
              Windows, both "\" and "/" are acceptable as the directory  sepa-
              rator  character,  provided at least that filenames are properly
              quoted.  But it is possible that programs exist that only accept



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              "\"  on  the  command line, since that is the standard directory
              separator for MS-Windows.  So for safety latexmk makes the  sub-
              stitution from "/" to "\", by default.

              However  there  are also programs on MS-Windows for which a back
              slash "\" is interpreted differently than as a directory separa-
              tor;  for these the directory separator should be "/".  Programs
              with this behavior  include  all  the  *latex  programs  in  the
              TeXLive  implementation  (but  not  the  MiKTeX implementation).
              Hence if you use TeXLive on MS-Windows,  then  $MSWin_back_slash
              should be set to zero.


       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This  variable  applies  to  latexmk  only in continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-
              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
              no viewer is running.

       $out_dir [""]
              If non-blank, this variable specifies the output directory.

              This is the directory in which final output  files  are  written
              (dvi,  ps,  pdf,  synctex, synctex.gz).  In addition, if the aux
              directory equals the output directory, as is  the  case  by  de-
              fault,  then  other generated files are in effect written to the
              output directory.

              If $out_dir is blank, the output directory is the current direc-
              tory  at the invocation of *latex; this is equivalent to setting
              $out_dir to '.'.

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.



       $pdf_mode [0]
              If  zero,  do  NOT  generate  a pdf version of the document.  If
              equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using  pdfla-
              tex,  using the command specified by the $pdflatex variable.  If
              equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from  the  ps
              file,  by  using  the command specified by the $ps2pdf variable.
              If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document  from  the
              dvi  file,  by  using the command specified by the $dvipdf vari-
              able.  If equal to 4, generate a pdf version of the document us-
              ing lualatex, using the command specified by the $lualatex vari-
              able.  If equal to 5, generate a pdf version (and  an  xdv  ver-
              sion)  of  the document using xelatex, using the commands speci-
              fied by the $xelatex and xdvipdfmx variables.

              In $pdf_mode=2, it is ensured that .dvi and .ps files  are  also



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              made.   In  $pdf_mode=3,  it is ensured that a .dvi file is also
              made.  But this may be overridden by the document.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing program in a
              version that makes a pdf file instead of a dvi file.

              An example use of this variable is to add certain options to the
              command line for the program, e.g.,

                   $pdflatex = "pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S";

              (In some earlier versions of latexmk, you needed to use  an  as-
              signment  to  $pdflatex  to allow the use of lualatex or xelatex
              instead of pdflatex.  There are now separate configuration vari-
              ables  for  the  use  of lualatex or xelatex.  See $lualatex and
              $xelatex.)

              To do a coordinated setting  of  all  of  $dvilualatex,  $latex,
              $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex, see the section "Advanced
              Configuration".


       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  a pdflatex run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands of the form \in-
              put{file} or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant  source
              file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by  the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.  The de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %pdflatex_input_extensions.

       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the pdflatex program (specified in the variable
              $pdflatex) when silent mode is on.

              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
              that equally applies to $pdflatex_silent_switch.

       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.

              On  MS-Windows, the default is changed to "cmd /c start """; un-
              der more recent versions of Windows, this will cause to  be  run
              whatever command the system has associated with .pdf files.  But
              this may be undesirable if this association is  to  acroread  --
              see the notes in the explanation of the -pvc option.]



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              On  OS-X  the  default is changed to "open %S", which results in
              OS-X starting up (and detaching) the viewer associated with  the
              file.   By  default, for pdf files this association is to OS-X's
              preview, which is quite satisfactory.

              WARNING:  Problem under MS-Windows: if acroread is used  as  the
              pdf  previewer,  and  it is actually viewing a pdf file, the pdf
              file cannot be updated.  Thus makes acroread  a  bad  choice  of
              previewer  if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode (option
              -pvc) under MS-windows.  This problem does not occur if, for ex-
              ample, SumatraPDF or gsview is used to view pdf files.

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start "  bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When  the  pdf  previewer is set to be updated by running a com-
              mand, this is the command that is run.  See the information  for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  pdf  viewer  updates its display when the pdf file has
              changed. See the information on the variable  $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update,  the
              command  is  specified  by the variable $pdf_update_command, and
              for the value 2, to specify update  by  signal,  the  signal  is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.

              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:

                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The  first  setting  arranges for the xpdf program to be used in
              its "remote server mode", with the server name specified as  the
              rootname  of  the TeX file.  The second setting arranges for up-
              dating to be done in response to a command, and the  third  set-
              ting sets the update command.

       $pdf_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which is a system-dependent
       value]



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              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending  a signal -- see the information on the
              variable $pdf_update_method.  The default value is the  one  ap-
              propriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The  variable  $pid_position  is  used  to specify which word in
              lines of the output from $pscmd corresponds to the  process  ID.
              The  first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6, Linux, and OS-X
              with their default settings of $pscmd.

              Setting  the  variable  to -1 is used to indicate that $pscmd is
              not to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If nonzero, generate  a  postscript  version  of  the  document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

              If  some  other  request  is made for which a postscript file is
              needed, then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $pre_tex_code ['']

              Sets TeX code to be executed before inputting the  source  file.
              This  works  if the relevant one of $latex, etc contains a suit-
              able command line with a %P or %U substitution.  For example you
              could do

                   $latex = 'latex %O %P';
                   $pre_tex_code = '\AtBeginDocument{An initial message\par}';

              To  set  all  of  $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex you
              could use the subroutine alt_tex_cmds:

                   &alt_tex_cmds;
                   $pre_tex_code = '\AtBeginDocument{An initial message\par}';



       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to view the document,  and  continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other  settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other
              settings,  see the command line options -view=, and the variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If nonzero, print the document using the  command  specified  in



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              the $lpr variable.  Equivalent to the -p option.  This is recom-
              mended not to be set from an RC file, otherwise you could  waste
              lots of paper.

       $print_type = ["auto"]
              Type  of  file  to  printout:  possibilities  are "auto", "dvi",
              "none", "pdf", or "ps".   See the option -print= for the meaning
              of the "auto" value.

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The -pvc option uses  the  command  specified  by  the  variable
              $pscmd  to  determine  if there is an already running previewer,
              and to find the process ID (needed if latexmk  needs  to  signal
              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to one process.  See the  $pid_position  variable  for  how  the
              process number is determined.

              The  default  for  pscmd  is  "NONE" under MS-Windows and cygwin
              (i.e., the command is not used), "ps -ww  -u  $ENV{USER}"  under
              OS-X,  and  "ps  -f -u $ENV{USER}" under other operating systems
              (including Linux).  In these specifications "$ENV{USER}" is sub-
              stituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf -dALLOWPSTRANSPARENCY %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert .ps to .pdf file.

       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to be run on the newly produced post-
              script file before other processing.  Equivalent  to  specifying
              the -pF option.

       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but start %O %S under MS-Windows]
              The  command  to  invoke a ps-previewer.  (The default under MS-
              Windows will cause to be run whatever command the system has as-
              sociated with .ps files.)

              Note  that  gv  could be used with the -watch option updates its
              display whenever the postscript file changes, whereas  ghostview
              does  not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly dif-
              ferent ways of writing this  option.   You  can  configure  this
              variable appropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of gv under different names, e.g.,  ggv,  kghostview,  etc,  but
              perhaps not one actually called gv.

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes



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              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start "  bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.


       $ps_previewer_landscape  ["start gv -swap %O %S", but start %O %S under
       MS-Windows]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running  a
              command,  this  is the command that is run.  See the information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.

       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the postscript viewer updates its display when the .ps  file
              has  changed.  See  the  information  on  the  variable $dvi_up-
              date_method for the codes.   (Note  that  information  needs  be
              changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to do
              the update, the command is specified  by  the  variable  $ps_up-
              date_command,  and for the value 2, to specify update by signal,
              the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)

       $ps_update_signal [Under UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal --  see  $ps_update_method.   The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pvc_timeout [0]
              If  this  variable  is  nonzero, there will be a  timeout in pvc
              mode after a period of inactivity.  Inactivity  means  a  period
              when  latexmk  has  detected  no  file changes and hence has not
              taken any actions like compiling the document. The period of in-
              activity is in the variable $pvc_timeout_mins.


       $pvc_timeout_mins [30]
              The period of inactivity, in minutes, after which pvc mode times
              out.  This is used if $pvc_timeout is nonzero.

       $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
              The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
              applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).

       $quote_filenames [1]
              This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
              specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double
              quotes.   If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl regards
              as true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.

              The quoting method used by latexmk is tested to  work  correctly
              under  UNIX systems (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under MS-
              Windows.  It allows the  use  of  filenames  containing  special



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              characters,  notably  spaces.   (But  note that many versions of
              *latex cannot correctly deal with TeX files whose names  contain
              spaces.   Latexmk's quoting only ensures that such filenames are
              correctly treated by the operating system in  passing  arguments
              to programs.)

       $rc_report [1]
              After  initialization,  whether  to  give a list of the RC files
              read.

       $recorder [1]
              Whether to use the -recorder option to *latex.  Use of this  op-
              tion  results  in  a file of extension .fls containing a list of
              the files that these programs have read  and  written.   Latexmk
              will then use this file to improve its detection of source files
              and generated files after a run of *latex.

              It is generally recommended to use this option (or to  configure
              the  $recorder  variable to be on.)  But it only works if *latex
              supports the -recorder option, which is true  for  most  current
              implementations

              Note  about  the  name of the .fls file: Most implementations of
              *latex produce an .fls file with the same basename as  the  main
              document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file is Docu-
              ment.fls.  However, some implementations instead  produce  files
              named for the program, i.e., latex.fls or pdflatex.fls.  In this
              second case, latexmk copies the latex.fls or pdflatex.fls  to  a
              file  with  the basename of the main LaTeX document, e.g., Docu-
              ment.fls.

       $search_path_separator [See below for default]
              The character separating paths in the environment variables TEX-
              INPUTS,  BIBINPUTS, and BSTINPUTS.  This variable is mainly used
              by latexmk when the -outdir, -output-directory, -auxdir,  and/or
              -aux-directory  options are used.  In that case latexmk needs to
              communicate  appropriately  modified  search  paths  to  bibtex,
              dvipdf, dvips, and *latex.

              [Comment  to  technically savvy readers: *latex doesn't actually
              need the modified search path.  But,  surprisingly,  dvipdf  and
              dvips  do, because sometimes graphics files get generated in the
              output or aux directories.]

              The default under MSWin and Cygwin is ';'  and  under  UNIX-like
              operating  systems  (including Linux and OS-X) is ':'.  Normally
              the defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be  difficul-
              ties  if  your operating system is of one kind, but some of your
              software is running under an emulator for the other kind of  op-
              erating  system;  in  that  case you'll need to find out what is
              needed, and set $search_path_separator  explicitly.   (The  same
              goes,  of  course, for unusual operating systems that are not in
              the MSWin, Linux, OS-X, Unix collection.)




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       $show_time [0]
              Whether to show time used, both the  total  and  for  individual
              steps.

              Note: On MS Windows, this is clock time.  On other OSs it is the
              CPU time used (by latexmk and the child processes  it  invokes).
              The OS-dependence is because of a limitation of Windows.  If you
              wish to force the use of clock instead of CPU time, you can set

                  $times_are_clock = 1;



       $silence_logfile_warnings [0]
              Whether after a run of *latex to summarize warnings in  the  log
              file  about  undefined  citations  and references.  Setting $si-
              lence_logfile_warnings=0 gives the summary of warnings (provided
              silent  mode isn't also set), and this is useful to locate unde-
              fined citations and references  without  searching  through  the
              much  more verbose log file or the screen output of *latex.  But
              the summary can also be excessively annoying.   The  default  is
              not  to  give  these  warnings.   The  command line options -si-
              lence_logfile_warning_list  and   -silence_logfile_warning_list-
              also set this variable.

              Note  that multiple occurrences for the same undefined object on
              the same page and same line will be compressed to a single warn-
              ing.

       $silent [0]
              Whether  to run silently.  Setting $silent to 1 has the same ef-
              fect as the -quiet of -silent options on the command line.

       $sleep_time [2]
              The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source  file
              changes when running with the -pvc option.  This is subject to a
              minimum of one second delay, except that zero delay is also  al-
              lowed.

              A  value  of  exactly 0 gives no delay, and typically results in
              100% CPU usage, which may not be desirable.

       $texfile_search [""]
              This is an obsolete variable,  replaced  by  the  @default_files
              variable.

              For   backward   compatibility,  if  you  choose  to  set  $tex-
              file_search, it is a string of  space-separated  filenames,  and
              then latexmk replaces @default_files with the filenames in $tex-
              file_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $success_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.




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       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory to store temporary files  that  latexmk  may  generate
              while running.

              The  default  under MSWindows (including cygwin), is to set $tm-
              pdir to the value of the first of whichever of the system  envi-
              ronment  variables  TMPDIR or TEMP exists, otherwise to the cur-
              rent directory.  Under other operating systems (expected  to  be
              UNIX/Linux,  including  OS-X),  the  default is the value of the
              system environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists,  otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
              Whether to use make to try and make files that are missing after
              a run of *latex, and for which a custom dependency has not  been
              found.   This  is  generally useful only when latexmk is used as
              part of a bigger project which is built by using the  make  pro-
              gram.

              Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
              make will be made on a subsequent run of latexmk to  update  the
              file.   Handling  this  problem is the job of a suitably defined
              Makefile.  See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for how  to
              do  this.   The intent of calling make from latexmk is merely to
              detect dependencies.

       $view ["default"]
              Which kind of file is to be previewed if a  previewer  is  used.
              The  possible  values  are  "default",  "dvi", "ps", "pdf".  The
              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among .dvi, .ps and .pdf).


       $warnings_as_errors [0]
              Normally  latexmk copies the behavior of latex in treating unde-
              fined references and citations and multiply  defined  references
              as  conditions  that give a warning but not an error.  The vari-
              able $warnings_as_errors controls whether this behavior is modi-
              fied.

              When  the  variable  is  non-zero, latexmk at the end of its run
              will return a non-zero status code to the  operating  system  if
              any  of  the files processed gives a warning about problems with
              citations or references (i.e., undefined citations or references
              or multiply defined references).  This is after latexmk has com-
              pleted all the runs it needs to try and resolve  references  and
              citations.   Thus  $warnings_as_errors  being nonzero causes la-
              texmk to treat such warnings as errors, but only when they occur
              on the last run of *latex and only after processing is complete.
              A non-zero value $warnings_as_errors can be set by the  command-
              line option -Werror.

              The default behavior is normally satisfactory in the usual edit-
              compile-edit cycle.  But, for example, latexmk can also be  used



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              as  part  of  a build process for some bigger project, e.g., for
              creating documentation in the build of a  software  application.
              Then  it is often sensible to treat citation and reference warn-
              ings as errors that require the  overall  build  process  to  be
              aborted.  Of course, since multiple runs of *latex are generally
              needed to resolve references and citations, what matters is  not
              the warnings on the first run, but the warnings on the last run;
              latexmk takes this into account appropriately.

              In addition, when preview-continuous mode is  used,  a  non-zero
              value  for  $warnings_as_errors  changes the use of the commands
              $failure_cmd, $warning_cmd, and $success_cmd  after  a  complia-
              tion.  If there are citation or reference warnings, but no other
              errors, the behavior is as follows. If $warning_cmd is  set,  it
              is  used.  If it is not set, then then if $warnings_as_errors is
              non-zero and $failure_cmd is set, then $failure_cmd.   Otherwise
              $success_cmd  is used, if it is set.  (The foregoing explanation
              is rather complicated, because latexmk has to deal with the case
              that one or more of the commands isn't set.)


       $xdv_mode [0]
              If  one, generate an xdv version of the document by use of xela-
              tex.


       $xdvipdfmx ["xdvipdfmx -E -o %D %O %S"]

              The program to make a pdf file from an xdv file  (used  in  con-
              junction with xelatex when $pdf_mode=5).

       $xdvipdfmx_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for the xdvipdfmx program when silent mode is on.

       $xelatex ["xelatex %O %S"]
              Specifies  the  command line for the LaTeX processing program of
              when the xelatex program is called for.  See  the  documentation
              of  the -xelatex option for some special properties of latexmk's
              use of xelatex.

              Note about xelatex: latexmk uses xelatex to make an .xdv  rather
              than  .pdf  file, with the .pdf file being created in a separate
              step.  This is enforced by the use of the -no-pdf option.  If %O
              is  part  of the command for invoking xelatex, then latexmk will
              insert the -no-pdf option automatically, otherwise you must pro-
              vide  the option yourself.  See the documentation for the -pdfxe
              option for why latexmk makes a .xdv file rather than a .pdf file
              when xelatex is used.

              To  do  a  coordinated  setting  of all of $dvilualatex, $latex,
              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see  the  section  "Advanced
              Configuration".





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       %xelatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that an xelatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This typically happens when LaTeX  commands  of  the  form  \in-
              put{file}  or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
              file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable  %xelatex_input_extensions.   The  de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %xelatex_input_extensions.

       $xelatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the xelatex program (specified  in  the  variable
              $xelatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $xelatex_silent_switch.




CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert  a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.


   Defining a custom dependency:
       The old method of configuring latexmk to use a custom dependency was to
       directly manipulate the @cus_dep_list array that  contains  information
       defining  the  custom  dependencies.   (See  the section "Old Method of
       Defining Custom Dependencies" for details.) This  method  still  works,
       but is no longer preferred.

       A better method is to use the subroutines that allow convenient manipu-
       lations of the custom dependency list.  These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The arguments are as follows:

       from extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting from  (e.g.  "fig").
              It is specified without a period.





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       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It
              is specified without a period.

       must:  If non-zero, the file from which we are converting  must  exist,
              if  it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we  are  converting from doesn't exist, then no action is taken.
              Generally, the appropriate value of must is zero.

       function:
              The name of the subroutine that latexmk should call  to  perform
              the  file  conversion.   The first argument to the subroutine is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The  subroutines  are declared in the syntax of Perl.  The func-
              tion should return 0 if it was successful and a  nonzero  number
              if it failed.


       Naturally  add_cus_dep adds a custom dependency with the specified from
       and to extensions.  If a custom dependency has been previously  defined
       (e.g.,  in an rcfile that was read earlier), then it is replaced by the
       new one.

       The subroutine remove_cus_dep removes the specified custom  dependency.
       The subroutine show_cus_dep causes a list of the currently defined cus-
       tom dependencies to be sent to the screen output.


   How custom dependencies are used:
       An instance of a custom dependency rule is created whenever latexmk de-
       tects  that a run of *latex needs to read a file, like a graphics file,
       whose extension is the to-extension of a custom dependency.   Then  la-
       texmk  examines  whether a file exists with the same name, but with the
       corresponding from-extension, as specified  in  the  custom-dependency.
       If  it  does, then a corresponding instance of the custom dependency is
       created, after which the rule is invoked whenever the destination  file
       (the one with the to-extension) is out-of-date with respect to the cor-
       responding source file.

       To make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in  the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.  Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an  external
       program;  this  can  be  done by following the templates below, even by
       those without knowledge of the Perl programming language.   Of  course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One  item  in the specification of each custom-dependency rule, labeled
       "must" above, specifies how the rule should be applied when the  source
       file fails to exist.

       When  latex reports that an input file (e.g., a graphics file) does not
       exist, latexmk tries to find a source file and a custom dependency that
       can be used to make it.  If it succeeds, then it creates an instance of



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       the custom dependency and invokes it to make the  missing  file,  after
       which the next pass of latex etc will be able to read the newly created
       file.

       Note for advanced usage: The operating  system's  environment  variable
       TEXINPUTS can be used to specify a search path for finding files by la-
       tex etc.  Correspondingly, when a missing  file  is  reported,  latexmk
       looks  in the directories specified in TEXINPUTS as well as in the cur-
       rent directory, to find a source file from which an instance of a  cus-
       tom dependency can be used to make the missing file.


   Function to implement custom dependency, traditional method:
       The  function  that implements a custom dependency gets the information
       on the files to be processed in two ways.  The first is through its one
       argument;  the argument contains the base name of the source and desti-
       nation files.  The second way is described later.

       A simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile  using
       the first method is:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system( "fig2dev -Leps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       The  first  line adds a custom dependency that converts a file with ex-
       tension "fig", as created by the xfig program, to an encapsulated post-
       script  file,  with extension "eps".  The remaining lines define a sub-
       routine that carries out the conversion.   If  a  rule  for  converting
       "fig"  to  "eps"  files already exists (e.g., from a previously read-in
       initialization file), the latexmk will delete this rule  before  making
       the new one.

       Suppose  latexmk  is  using this rule to convert a file "figure.fig" to
       "figure.eps".  Then it will invoke the fig2eps  subroutine  defined  in
       the  above  code with a single argument "figure", which is the basename
       of each of the files (possibly with a path component).   This  argument
       is  referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the subroutine
       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of the form of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is  to  be  substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If  the  return  value of the subroutine is non-zero, then latexmk will
       assume an error occurred during the execution of  the  subroutine.   In
       the  above  example, no explicit return value is given, and instead the
       return value is the value returned by the last  (and  only)  statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If  you  use  pdflatex,  lualatex or xelatex instead of latex, then you
       will probably prefer to convert your graphics files to pdf  format,  in
       which  case  you would replace the above code in an initialization file
       by



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           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system( "fig2dev -Lpdf \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].pdf\"" );
           }

       Note 1: In the command lines given in the system commands in the  above
       examples,  double  quotes have been inserted around the file names (im-
       plemented by '\"' in the Perl language).  They immunize the running  of
       the  program against special characters in filenames.  Very often these
       quotes are not necessary, i.e., they can be omitted.  But  it  is  nor-
       mally  safer  to  keep them in.  Even though the rules for quoting vary
       between operating systems, command  shells  and  individual  pieces  of
       software, the quotes in the above examples do not cause problems in the
       cases I have tested.

       Note 2: One case in which the quotes are important is  when  the  files
       are  in  a subdirectory and your operating system is Microsoft Windows.
       Then the separator character for directory components can be  either  a
       forward  slash  '/' or Microsoft's more usual backward slash '\'.  For-
       ward slashes are generated by latexmk,  to  maintain  its  sanity  from
       software  like  MiKTeX  that mixes both directory separators; but their
       correct use normally requires quoted filenames.  (See a log file from a
       run  of  MiKTeX  (at least in v. 2.9) for an example of the use of both
       directory separators.)

       Note 3: The subroutines implementing custom dependencies in  the  exam-
       ples  given  just  have  a  single  line  invoking an external program.
       That's the usual situation.  But since the subroutines are in the  Perl
       language,  you  can  implement  much more complicated processing if you
       need it.


   Removing custom dependencies, and when you might need to do this:
       If you have some general custom dependencies defined in the  system  or
       user  initialization  file,  you may find that for a particular project
       they are undesirable.  So you might want to delete the  unneeded  ones.
       A  situation  where this would be desirable is where there are multiple
       custom dependencies with the same from-extension or the same  to-exten-
       sion.  In  that case, latexmk might choose a different one from the one
       you want for a specific project.  As an example, to remove any "fig" to
       "eps" rule you would use:

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If  you  have  complicated sets of custom dependencies, you may want to
       get a listing of the custom dependencies.  This is done  by  using  the
       line

           show_cus_dep();

       in an initialization file.






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   Function implementing custom dependency, alternative methods:
       So far the examples for functions to implement custom dependencies have
       used the argument of the function to specify the base name of converted
       file.   This  method  has been available since very old versions of la-
       texmk, and many examples can be found, e.g., on the web.

       However in later versions of latexmk the internal structure of the  im-
       plementation of its "rules" for the steps of processing, including cus-
       tom dependencies, became much more powerful.  The function implementing
       a custom dependency is executed within a special context where a number
       of extra variables and subroutines are  defined.   Publicly  documented
       ones,  intended  to  be  long-term  stable, are listed below, under the
       heading "Variables and subroutines for processing a rule".

       Examples of their use is given in the  following  examples,  concerning
       multiple index files and glossaries.

       The  only  index-file  conversion built-in to latexmk is from an ".idx"
       file written on one run of *latex to an ".ind" file to be read in on  a
       subsequent  run.   But with the index.sty package, for example, you can
       create extra indexes with extensions that you configure.  Latexmk  does
       not know how to deduce the extensions from the information it has.  But
       you can easily write a custom dependency.  For example  if  your  latex
       file uses the command "\newindex{special}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you
       will need to get latexmk to convert files with the  extension  .ndx  to
       .nnd.   The  most elementary method is to define a custom dependency as
       follows:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'ndx2nnd' );
           sub ndx2nnd {
               return system( "makeindex -o \"$_[0].nnd\" \"$_[0].ndx\"" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd';

       Notice the added line compared with earlier examples.  The  extra  line
       gets the extensions "ndx" and "nnd" added to the list of extensions for
       generated files; then the extra index files will be deleted by clean-up
       operations

       But  if  you have yet more indexes with yet different extensions, e.g.,
       "adx" and "and", then you will need a separate function for  each  pair
       of  extensions.   This  is  quite  annoying.  You can use the Run_subst
       function to simplify the definitions to use a single function:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( "makeindex -o %D %S" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       You could also instead use

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );



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           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( $makeindex );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       This last example uses the command specification in $makeindex, and  so
       any  customization you have made for the standard index also applies to
       your extra indexes.

       Similar techniques can be applied for glossaries.

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, may get concerned that the
       .ndx  file  is  written during a run of *latex and is always later than
       the .nnd last read in.  Thus the .nnd appears to be perpetually out-of-
       date.   This  situation, of circular dependencies, is endemic to latex,
       and is one of the issues that latexmk is programmed  to  overcome.   It
       examines  the  contents  of  the files (by use of a checksum), and only
       does a remake when the file contents have actually changed.

       Of course if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or  the  .aux
       file,  etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a problem.
       For real experts: See the %hash_calc_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.


   Old Method of Defining Custom Dependencies:
       In  much  older versions of latexmk, the only method of defining custom
       dependencies was to directly manipulate the table of  custom  dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings, and each string in the array has four items in it, each  sepa-
       rated  by  a  space,  the  from-extension, the to-extension, the "must"
       item, and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.   These
       were all defined above.

       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows. It is the code in an RC file to ensure  automatic  conversion  of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               return system( "fig2dev -Lps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       This  method  still  works,  and is almost equivalent to the code given
       earlier that used the add_cus_dep subroutine.  However, the old  method
       doesn't  delete any previous custom-dependency for the same conversion.
       So the new method is preferable.



ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: Some extra resources and advanced tricks
       For most purposes, simple configuration for latexmk along the lines  of
       the  examples  given  is  sufficient.  But sometimes you need something



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       harder.  In this section, I indicate some extra possibilities.   Gener-
       ally  to  use  these, you need to be fluent in the Perl language, since
       this is what is used in the rc files.

       See also the section DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC.  See also  the
       examples in the directory example_rcfiles in the latexmk distributions.
       Even if none of the examples apply to your case, they may give you use-
       ful ideas


   Utility subroutines
       ensure_path( var, values ...)

              The  first parameter is the name of one of the system's environ-
              ment variables for search paths.  The remaining  parameters  are
              values  that  should  be in the variable.  For each of the value
              parameters, if it isn't already in  the  variable,  then  it  is
              prepended to the variable; in that case the environment variable
              is created if it doesn't already exist. For  separating  values,
              the  character  appropriate  the the operating system is used --
              see the configuration variable $search_path_separator.

              Example:

                ensure_path( 'TEXINPUTS', './custom_cls_sty_files//' );

              (In this example, the trailing '//' is documented by TeX systems
              to  mean that *latex search for files in the specified directory
              and in all subdirectories.)

              Technically  ensure_path  works  by  setting   Perl's   variable
              $ENV{var},  where  var  is the name of the target variable.  The
              changed value is then passed as an environment variable  to  any
              invoked programs.


   Variables and subroutines for processing a rule
       A step in the processing is called a rule. One possibility to implement
       the processing of a rule is by a Perl subroutine.  This is  always  the
       case  for  custom dependencies. Also, for any other rule, you can use a
       subroutine by prefixing the command specification by the  word  "inter-
       nal" -- see the section FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS.

       When  you use a subroutine for processing a rule, all the possibilities
       of Perl programming are available, of course.  In addition, some of la-
       texmk's  internal  variables  and  subroutines are available.  The ones
       listed below are intended to be  available  to  (advanced)  users,  and
       their specifications will generally have stability under upgrades. Gen-
       erally, the variables should be treated as  read-only:  Changing  their
       values  can  have  bad  consequences, since it is liable to mess up the
       consistency of what latexmk is doing.

       $rule  This variable has the name of the rule,  as  known  to  latexmk.
              Note  that  the exact contents of this variable for a given rule



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              may be dependent on the version of latexmk

       $$Psource
              This gives the name of the primary source file.  Note the double
              dollar signs.

       $$Pdest
              This  gives  the  name of the main output file if any.  Note the
              double dollar signs.

       rdb_ensure_file( $rule, file )
              This a subroutine that ensures that the given file is among  the
              source files for the specified rule.  It is typically used when,
              during the processing of a rule, it is known that  a  particular
              extra  file  is among the dependencies that latexmk should know,
              but its default methods don't find the dependency. Almost always
              the  first argument is the name of the rule currently being pro-
              cessed, so it is then appropriate to specify it by $rule.

              For examples of its use, see some of the files in the  directory
              example_rcfiles  of latexmk's distribution.  Currently the cases
              that use this  subroutine  are  bib2gls-latexmkrc,  exceltex_la-
              texmkrc  and  texinfo-latexmkrc.  These illustrate typical cases
              where latexmk's normal processing fails to detect certain  extra
              source files.

       rdb_remove_files( $rule, file, ... )
              This  subroutine  removes  one or more files from the dependency
              list for the given rule.

       rdb_list_source( $rule )
              This subroutine returns the list of source files (i.e., the  de-
              pendency list) for the given rule.

       rdb_set_source( $rule, file, ... )

       rdb_set_source( $rule, @files )
              This  subroutine  sets the dependency list for the given rule to
              be the specified files.  Files that are already in the list have
              unchanged  information.   Files  that  were  not in the list are
              added to it.  Files in the previous dependency list that are not
              in the newly specified list of files are removed from the depen-
              dency list.

       Run_subst( command_spec )
              This subroutine runs the command specified by command_spec.  The
              specification  is  a  string in the format listed in the section
              "Format of Command Specifications".  An important action of  the
              Run_subst is to make substitutions of placeholders, e.g., %S and
              %D for source and destination files; these get  substituted  be-
              fore the command is run.  In addition, the command after substi-
              tution is printed to the screen unless  latexmk  is  running  in
              silent mode.




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   Coordinated Setting of Commands for *latex
       To  set all of $dvilualatex, $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex
       to a common pattern, you can use  one  of  the  following  subroutines,
       std_tex_cmds, alt_tex_cmds, and set_tex_cmds.

       They work as follows

          &std_tex_cmds;

       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %S', and similarly for $dvilualatex,
       $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex.  Note the ampersand in the  invoca-
       tion; this indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.

          &alt_tex_cmds;

       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %P', and similarly for $dvilualatex,
       $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex.  Note the ampersand in the  invoca-
       tion; this indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.

         set_tex_cmds( CMD_SPEC );

       Here  CMD_SPEC  is  the command line without the program name. This re-
       sults in $latex = 'latex CMD_SPEC', and similarly for  $pdflatex,  $lu-
       alatex, and $xelatex. An example would be

         set_tex_cmds( '--interaction=batchmode %O %S' );


   Advanced configuration: Using latexmk with make
       This  section  is targeted only at advanced users who use the make pro-
       gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
       dencies specified by a Makefile.

       Now  the  basic  task  of latexmk is to run the appropriate programs to
       make a viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the  usual  make
       program  is not suited to this purpose for at least two reasons.  First
       is that the use of LaTeX involves circular dependencies (e.g., via .aux
       files), and these cannot be handled by the standard make program.  Sec-
       ond is that in a large document the set  of  source  files  can  change
       quite  frequently,  particularly  with included graphics files; in this
       situation keeping a Makefile manually updated is inappropriate and  er-
       ror-prone, especially when the dependencies can be determined automati-
       cally.  Latexmk solves both of these problems robustly.

       Thus for many standard LaTeX documents latexmk can be  used  by  itself
       without  the  make program.  In a complex project it simply needs to be
       suitably configured.  A standard configuration would be to define  cus-
       tom  dependencies to make graphics files from their source files (e.g.,
       as created by the xfig program).   Custom  dependencies  are  latexmk's
       equivalent of pattern rules in Makefiles.

       Nevertheless  there  are  projects for which a Makefile is appropriate,
       and it is useful to know how to use latexmk from a Makefile.  A typical
       example  would  be  to  generate  documentation for a software project.



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       Potentially the interaction with the rest of the rules in the  Makefile
       could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
       a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.

       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
       fully  invoked  from a Makefile.  The examples use specific features of
       current versions of GNU make, which is the default on  both  linux  and
       OS-X systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.

       The simplest method is simply to delegate all the relevant tasks to la-
       texmk, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.  For this a
       suitable Makefile is like

           .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
           all : try.pdf
           %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
               latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $<

       (Note:  the  last  line must be introduced by a tab for the Makefile to
       function correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its  associated
       LaTeX  file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use of
       latexmk without a Makefile would normally be better.   The  benefit  of
       using  a  Makefile  for  a LaTeX document would be in a larger project,
       where lines such as the above would be only be a small part of a larger
       Makefile.

       The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
       file, and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is  a
       conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
       try.pdf.  So when make is invoked, by default it  makes  try.pdf.   The
       only  complication  is  that  there  may  be  many  source files beyond
       try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so changes in them
       will  not by themselves cause latexmk to be invoked.  Instead, the pat-
       tern rule is equipped with a "phony" prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this  has
       the  effect  of  causing the rule to be always out-of-date, so that la-
       texmk is always run.  It is latexmk that decides whether any action  is
       needed,  e.g., a rerun of pdflatex.  Effectively the Makefile delegates
       all decisions to latexmk, while make has no knowledge of  the  list  of
       source files except for primary LaTeX file for the  document.  If there
       are, for example, graphics files to be made, these must be made by cus-
       tom dependencies configured in latexmk.

       But  something better is needed in more complicated situations, for ex-
       ample, when the making of graphics files needs to be specified by rules
       in  the  Makefile.  To do this, one can use a Makefile like the follow-
       ing:

            TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
            DEPS_DIR = .deps
            LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \
                  -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies\n);' \
                  -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \
                  -e 'show_cus_dep();'
            all : $(TARGETS)



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            $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
            $(DEPS_DIR) :
                   mkdir $@
            %.pdf : %.tex
                   if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
                   $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
            %.pdf : %.fig
                   fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@

       (Again, the lines containing the  commands  for  the  rules  should  be
       started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU automake han-
       dles automatic dependency tracking of C source files.

       After each run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a  file  in
       the  .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files to
       be read by make, which now has the full dependency information for each
       target  .pdf  file.   To make things less trivial it is specificed that
       two files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the targets.  The  depen-
       dency files are .deps/document1.pdfP and .deps/document2.pdfP.

       There  is  now  no need for the phony prerequisite for the rule to make
       .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to make .pdf files
       from  .fig  files produced by the xfig program; these are commonly used
       for graphics insertions in LaTeX documents.   Latexmk  is  arranged  to
       output a dependency file after each run.  It is given the -recorder op-
       tion, which improves its detection of files generated during a  run  of
       pdflatex;  such files should not be in the dependency list.  The -e op-
       tions are used to turn off all custom  dependencies,  and  to  document
       this.   Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of missing
       files to make itself.

       Suppose in the LaTeX file there is a  command  \includegraphics{graph},
       and  an xfig file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run, pdflatex reports
       a missing file, named "graph". Latexmk succeeds in  making  "graph.pdf"
       by calling "make graph.pdf", and after completion of its work, it lists
       "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the file latexmk is making.  Then let
       "fig.fig"  be  updated,  and  then let make be run.  Make first remakes
       "fig.pdf", and only then reruns latexmk.

       Thus we now have a method by which all  the  subsidiary  processing  is
       delegated to make.


NON_ASCII CHARACTERS IN FILENAMES, RC FILES, ETC
       Modern operating systems and file systems allow non-ASCII characters in
       the names of files and directories  that  encompass  the  full  Unicode
       range.  Mostly, latexmk deals with these correctly.  However, there are
       some situations in which there are problems, notably on Microsoft  Win-
       dows.  Prior to version 4.77, latexmk had problems with non-ASCII file-
       names on Windows, even though there were no corresponding  problems  on
       macOS and Linux.  These problems are corrected in the present version.

       DETAILS TO BE FILLED IN




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SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1), lualatex(1), pdflatex(1), xelatex(1).


BUGS (SELECTED)
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work  around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.

       (The following isn't really a bug, but concerns  features  of  preview-
       ers.)   Preview  continuous mode only works perfectly with certain pre-
       viewers: Xdvi on UNIX/Linux works for  dvi  files.   Gv  on  UNIX/Linux
       works  for  both  postscript  and pdf.  Ghostview on UNIX/Linux needs a
       manual update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under  MS-
       Windows  works  for both postscript and pdf, but only reads the updated
       file when its screen is refreshed.   Acroread  under  UNIX/Linux  views
       pdf,  but  the  file needs to be closed and reopened to view an updated
       version.  Under MS-Windows, acroread locks its input file  and  so  the
       pdf  file  cannot  be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk to use suma-
       trapdf instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors of previous versions.  Many users with their feedback, and  es-
       pecially David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) who made many
       useful suggestions that contributed to version 3, and  Herbert  Schulz.
       (Please  note  that the e-mail addresses are not written in their stan-
       dard form to avoid being harvested too easily.)

AUTHOR
       Current version, by John Collins (Version 4.79).  Report  bugs  etc  to
       his e-mail (jcc8 at psu.edu).

       Released      version      can      be      obtained     from     CTAN:
       <http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latexmk/>,  and  from  the  author's   website
       <http://www.personal.psu.edu/jcc8/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)



















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